• the abstract should be a short, accurate summary of the content of the article, including the main factual information and conclusions of the described work;
  • the text of the abstract should be concise and clear, free from secondary information, and should differ in the persuasiveness of the wording;
  • the information contained in the title of the article should not be repeated in the text of the abstract;
  • the volume of the abstract in Russian and English should contain from 200 to 250 words;
  • the abstract in Russian and English should include the following aspects of the content of the article: subject, purpose of the work; method or methodology of the work; results of the work; scope of the results; conclusions;
  • additionally, the English-language abstract should be: original (not be a tracing paper of the Russian-language annotation); meaningful (reflect the main content of the article and research results); structured (follow the logic of describing the results in the article); «English-speaking» (written in high-quality English); it is necessary to use an active, not a passive voice.