• the abstract is a brief exact statement of the article, including the basic data and conclusions of the described work;
  • the text of the abstract shall be concise and precise without any secondary information, wording shall be exact and convincing;
  • information in the title of the article shall not be repeated in the abstract;
  • the abstracts in Russian and English shall contain 200 – 250 words;
  • the abstract in Russian and English shall include the following aspects of the article: the subject and the purpose of work; approach or methodology of the work; results of the work; area of the results application; conclusions.
  • moreover, an abstract in English shall be: original (not a loan translation of  Russian variant); intentional (reflect the main content of the article and the results of the research); structured (follow the logic of the results description in the article); in English (written in proficient English language); usage of active rather than passive voice.