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The reliable operation of a locomotive's diesel engine depends on the efficiency and quality of the cooling system, therefore, it is important to maintain optimal performance throughout the entire period of operation. The cooling system is developed individually for each type of diesel engine, therefore, when designing new diesel generator sets for locomotives, it is necessary to improve cooling systems, which is one of the most important tasks of ensuring reliable and efficient operation, while it is important to use test complexes to simulate real-world work processes, to obtain estimated capabilities and optimize thermal conditions. This scientific paper presents the results of the development and operation of a stand for simulating the operation of a cooling system, with the possibility of simulating various operating modes. The research is based on the method of physical modeling of thermal processes using controlled heat load sources and a system of control and measuring devices. The experimental installation is equipped with a cooling circuit system with adjustable operating parameters. The developed stand makes it possible to carry out resource tests of cooling system elements, optimize algorithms for controlling thermal conditions and determining the amount of heat generated and discharged from the system, as well as with the ability to work out troubleshooting methods without using standard diesel equipment. The practical significance of the stand is the possibility of creating methods for a comprehensive assessment of the dynamic characteristics of the cooling system with the possibility of modeling emergency situations and investigating transient processes of heat flow redistribution simulating real processes. During the operation of the stand, it is possible to install a comprehensive assessment of the performance of the cooling system, taking into account heat dissipation, the amount of heat removed, and heating-cooling intensity indicators when simulating work with different amounts of water circuits. The application of the research results may be useful in the development of new and modernization of existing diesel cooling systems, as well as in the study of heat dissipation during operation of locomotives in winter, when it is important to preserve heat in the system.