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The aim of the work, the results of which are presented in this article, is to identify effective parameter of the heating process in the collector-brush unit of DC traction motor. The article suggests a detailed equivalent thermal equation of DC traction collector-brush unit. An experiment in a laboratory according to the theory of experimental design in the central rotatable terms of the second order are held, and the analysis of the results are presented. A method for processing the results of thermographic study of the machine is described. The regression equation, reflecting the degree of influence of the mode parameters of the machine on the intensity of the heating area of traction motor collector-brush unit, is compiled. The correct use of mathematical apparatus is confirmed by quantitative calculations Student's criteria assessing the significance of the coefficients of equations and F-Fisher criterion within the 5 % significance level. The results can be used to supplement the methods of DC traction motors and collector-brush unit technical condition diagnostics.

The article deals with the problem of diagnosing the technical condition of the collector-brush unit of DC motors. The topicality of this problem in the engines operating on the railway transport, which are in the most severe operating conditions, is particularly noted. These studies are aimed at improving the reliability of diagnosing the technical condition of the collector-brush unit through the use of a new method of diagnosing the condition of collector DC motors’ commutation. The proposed method of diagnosis is based on a new principle of processing diagnostic information about the spark pulses under the brushes. The article presents the histograms of the distribution of the pulses' intensity of different sections of the armature winding. The research conducted an experiment using a digital control device that allows to identify and digitize a useful diagnostic signal from multipolar brushes with a high sampling rate and transfer it to a computer. Analysis of the experiment’s results showed that the average value of the pulse’s area increases with increasing the spark’s intensity. Nevertheless, severe sparking at the collector leads to the law of distribution becomes double-modal, and as a result, dramatically increases the standard deviation of the values of the pulses’ areas. Described effect makes misinformation in the diagnosis procedure using the parameters of the laws of distribution of the spark’s intensity. The proposed method of diagnosis allows to eliminate this effect. The copyright for a new method of diagnosing is protected by a patent.