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Introduced on the Russian Railways network monitoring system download the snow train has allowed to identify cases of export volume of the snow mass is much less possible when cleaning railway tracks from snow, which leads to the underutilization of capacity of the snow trains and shunting locomotives and irrational use of fuel and energy resources for operation of rolling stock. The purpose of the work is to consider the fuel and energy efficiency of snow-removal trains and shunting locomotives carrying out their movement and to determine ways to reduce the consumption of fuel and energy resources for the performance of works on cleaning the tracks from snow (in economic traffic). To achieve this goal, one of the structural divisions of JSC "Russian Railways" estimated the volume of snow removal by snow-removal trains, calculated the values of mechanical work performed by locomotives to move snow-removal equipment and fuel consumption by snow-removal trains and locomotives to perform work on clearing snow from the tracks. On the basis of the comparative analysis the conclusion is made on the available reserves of increase of fuel and energy performance of the rolling stock while clearing paths of snow and the technique allowing to estimate the total fuel consumption for snow removal snow plow trains and traction units (locomotives), and ways to improve the power efficiency of snow-removing trains and working with them traction means, such as the use of rolling stock with a rational value of mass and power depending on weather conditions.

The article describes the calculation of parameters of diesel fuel equipment on the nature of the change and the amount of fuel injection. Provides an implementation of the mathematical model of the fuel to be used when the kits before you install them on diesel and for calculation of parameters of parts used in the high pressure fuel pumps running on stands with a view to approximating the conditions of work in the booth to real conditions of a diesel engine and determine the correct performance of the pumps at the stand.

Abstact. During automated rheostat tests of locomotives itʹs necessary to control a lot of parameters of the diesel generator set and support systems. Due to the features of perception of the information by human the control is brought to the observation of a small number of parameters. Implementation in practice of rheostat tests of automated systems of inspection and testing allowed to expand the amount of received information. In this article is offered using automated control systems of diesel-generator sets parameters during rheostat tests which allow to accumulate and analyze test date using developed protocols forms and pivot tables with parameters in entire range of loads, also it helps to determine the quantitative index of a technical condition of diesel-generator set.

The article discusses the possibility of determining the specific fuel consumption of diesel locomotives in operation using indirect calculation methods based on the use of these locomotive onboard systems and supplementing them with mathematical models of the operating cycle and the model for determining the composition of the exhaust gases of a diesel engine. The basic equations and algorithms proposed for the implementation of such a method of mathematical models and the results of their use are presented, the results of a comparison of simulation results and experimental data on the specific consumption of fuel of diesel locomotives TEM18DM are presented. A possible algorithm for their joint use is proposed, conclusions are made on the possible development of such a method for determining the energy efficiency of diesel locomotives without taking them out of service.

The article presents the method of calculating the amount of products of combustion of diesel fuel, gas-and-diesel and model calculations are made in relation to the diesel engine 16ЧН26/26 (2A-5D49). Parameters of the working cycle of a diesel engine operating on different types of hydrocarbon fuels, derived using a combination of methods Grinevetskiy-Mazinga and vibe. Calculation of the amount of harmful emissions and the amount of greenhouse gases is made using the method of equilibrium composition due to changes in the thermodynamic parameters and elemental composition of fuel burnup fuel mixture the positions of controller driver

The article presents the method of calculation of heat capacity working relations in the process of fuel combustion. Analytical dependence of heat capacity ratio are presented depending on the temperature of products of combustion, excess air ratio and proportion of burnt fuel for different formulations of mixed types of hydrocarbon fuel.

The account of a real technical condition of the equipment of the locomotive at planning of volumes of its repair is one of the major reserves of reduction of working costs of railways and decrease in the cost price of transportations. The continuous control of a technical condition of the locomotive in operation is carried out with use of stationary and onboard means of technical diagnostics. The increasing of operational profitability and reliability of diesel locomotives demands continuous control for a technical condition of their equipment in the service. The wide-band exhaust gases oxygen content sensor can be used for continuous monitoring of the air excess coefficient in the locomotive diesel engine cylinders. This type sensors are widely used in automotive diesel engines control systems. It means for indirect estimation of the engine cylinders mixture quality by the exhaust gases oxygen content.

The article presents an analysis of the costs of various fuel and energy resources inJSC “Russian Railways” for the period from 2013 to 2017, results the observations on the reduction of the share of diesel fuel in the total resource consumption structure, the analysis of the distribution of the number of failures of diesel locomotive nodes along the route, the distribution of failures of the cooling system nodes along the route and the distribution of failures of diesel locomotive , the values of power consumed to drive the fan of the refrigerator shaft, various diesel locomotives. Calculated fuel flow ratespent on the drive of the fan of diesel locomotives.

On the basis of experimental data thereis a mathematical model in thisarticle. Its made from the registration options in acfual operation mode of the locomotive. This mathematical model describes the technical condition of the locomotive and evaluates the parameters and characteristics. Considerable attention is paid to complex state operation of the facility. In dealing with the mathhematical model it’s defined the main locomotive operation indicator.

In article presented the mathematical model of fuel heating of the high pressure pipeline of diesel engines fuel equipment and calculation results of temperature of its external surface at various temperatures air and the fuel equipment technical conditions.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of automated systems for recording the work parameters of autonomous locomotives. The relevance of the use of such systems is due to the prevention of defects at the stage of identifying possible malfunctions during the operation of locomotives during the inter-repair periods. So the used systems of parametric diagnostics of power plants of autonomous locomotives are considered. Also, for comparison, the experience of foreign research on the use of a diesel locomotive monitoring system is presented. Despite the fact that the existing automated systems for registering the parameters of diesel locomotives have a wide range of functionality that allows you to obtain typical dependences of the power of a diesel generator set (DSU) on temperature and pressure, these systems do not take into account the peculiarities of the flow of in-cylinder processes that can significantly affect the power of the DSU. The article proposes a method for monitoring and adjusting the power of the diesel engine during operation by registering the operating modes of the equipment and determining the actual power of the diesel engine by expanding the range of diagnostic parameters by installing additional sensors for registering measured values for the accuracy of monitoring and tuning the diesel engine and making timely decisions on maintenance and repair of locomotives. A block diagram of the recorder of operating modes with the location of sensors for measuring informative parameters and a diagram of connecting the recorder to the power circuit using the example of a shunting diesel locomotive CHME3 is shown. Software has been developed that can be additionally installed in the standard automated system for registering the parameters of the operation of the CHME3 diesel locomotive with subsequent data processing.

In the article the paper considers mathematical modeling of fuel equipment of high pressure and regulator of the rotation frequency of the crankshaft of the diesel engine. Analysis of factors affecting fuel equipment, mathematical modelling of the process of fuel into the cylinders, as well as mathematically describes the speed control of the crankshaft of the diesel diesel engine. Joint mathematical model of fuel equipment and rotation speed regulator. Presented algorithm and program calculation process the fuel feed to the cylinders of a diesel engine with a light hydraulic characteristics of generalized elements of fuel equipment and provision of the Executive mechanism of the regulator of the rotation frequency of the crankshaft of the diesel engine. In the work used mathematical and simulation, system analysis methods, the comparative method, methods of theoretical knowledge (formalisation), common logical methods and techniques of research (analysis, synthesis, classification, analogy ).

The article is devoted to the research of the of wind load effect on the aerodynamic component to the movement of a freight train. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of aerodynamic resistance on the consumption of fuel and energy resources (FER) on train traction. The article shows the high significance of this problem for Joint Stock Company Russian Railways (RZD JSC). The conclusions were drawn from the analysis of statistical data on the routes of locomotive drivers, working on the Pallasovka-Verkhniy Baskunchak section, which is undergone to wind loads. The SOLIDWORKS application was used to design a train with a locomotive and gondola cars coupled on an embankment, and SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation plug-in was used to simulate wind load, different in speed, varying from 0 to 90º. The values of the force of aerodynamic resistance to movement for the train as a whole and for each unit of the rolling stock separately were obtained. Using the methods of the theory of train traction, the influence of aerodynamic drag on fuel consumption for traction has been assessed. Based on the obtained values of the aerodynamic drag forces and patterns of air flow distribution, conclusions were drawn about the effect of loading a gondola car on an increase in traffic resistance. Conclusions are drawn about the effect of wind load on each unit of rolling stock in the train. It was found that when the wind is directed at an angle to the axis of the path, the force of the wind effect increases, compared with the case when the angle between the axis of the path and the velocity vector is zero. The experimental data on the increase in resistance from the wind load are confirmed by theoretical calculation, as well as practical processing of routes machinists. This article demonstrates the need for a separate regulation of fuel and energy resources in the event of wind loads, and may be useful in further detailed study of the aerodynamic drag of freight trains.

The subject of the study were made of the injection and combustion in diesel locomotives and ships, which are the most difficult to analyze, operate and forecasting facility management (processes in the cylinder of a diesel engine), where the conversion of thermal energy released during the combustion of fuel into mechanical work takes place through a series of successive physico-chemical, thermal, mass transfer and thermodynamic transformations which together constitute the circular irreversible and unlocked the duty cycle. However, the direct study of the operating cycle is still difficult complexity of the totality of the factors influencing the course of the process as a whole. The aim of the work was to establish an empirical connection laws fuel supply and combustion process in diesel cylinder it, ie the creation of methods of calculating these processes together. One approach to establishing formal relations and the possibility of subsequent numerical modeling of combustion processes and communication of the law the fuel in a diesel engine is the use of the theory of automatic control, which developed methods of identification, taking into account the processes of management system in the form of a model of a cybernetic system. It is concluded that the numerous experimental and computational studies suggest that the dynamics of the fuel significantly affects the combustion process in a diesel engine, and, consequently, its power and economic performance. Then to establish a formal link (model) combustion processes and the law the fuel used machine control theory (TAU), which uses and develops methods for the identification, considering processes management system in the form of a cybernetic circuit. Assumed that the full range of processes in the combustion chamber since the start of the fuel supply to the end of its combustion is a complex dynamic system of self-governing. The formulation was based on statistical methods for solving the problem of identification, where the input variable and its response (the law of supply and indicator diagram - experimental curves) are stationary random functions, and object management (combustion) is classified as a one-dimensional linear lumped. As a criterion of proximity to the object used criterion of the minimum of the expectation of a given function of the difference of the input signals and the object model. It is noted that there is currently no accurate method for calculating the finished analytically binding processes fuel supply, mixture formation and combustion in a diesel engine. Therefore, there is not yet calculated optimum injection characteristics suitable for the calculation and simulation processes in diesel engines of various types. It was found that, other things being equal, the law determined by the rate of injection of fuel injected. Striving to achieve injection with increasing speed in order to reduce the cycle dynamics, as well as more efficient use of the air charge in a distant "corners" of the combustion chamber (the latter portion of fuel, with a maximum speed to penetrate into the remotest corners). It is shown that in most cases it is necessary for the administration of the mathematical description of establishing the relationship between input and output variables, based on which can be worked out such a control object, which would ensure achievement of the intended target operation of the facility. With regard to the solution of a specific problem the most common case is when and exposure and response will be functions of the same argument. Thus, determining the experimental data of the conditional expectation of the output variable with respect to the input, we obtain the optimal (in the sense of the criterion of minimum mean square deviation) Estimates of the object. Given the accepted method of identification and characteristics of the problem, the best operator in the class of linear operators, and not among all possible random variables. This study was based on the principle of superposition, which is performed for a linear operator. Using the hypothesis that the investigated signals have the property of ergodicity with respect to the correlation functions. The adoption of the hypothesis of ergodicity possible to determine the correlation functions centered on the realization of a random process, ie, combustion process, as successive cycles. Noted that most fully identifiable objects are described in terms of the state space. Under the state of the object understood set of values, fully define its position at any given time. Proposed a model of the considered dynamic objects to choose a system of differential equations. In view of the above, the proposed approximation algorithm to determine the dynamic characteristics of the combustion process, ie, the agent object in the class of linear operators, which was presented as a system of differential equations representing the desired mathematical model.

The article summarizes and analyzes data on the use of natural gas (methane) as an additive to diesel fuel on the low-pressure line of diesel engines of locomotive CHME3.The results of The gas engine fuel effect assessment on the efficiency of locomotives CHME3 are presented.

Measures to normalize the consumption of diesel fuel for the operation of shunting locomotives are an integral part of the efficiency of the use of traction rolling stock. Due to the presence of problems in the formation of the fuel consumption rate, such as the performance of the shunting locomotive, the loading and technical condition of the diesel generator set, the operating conditions of locomotives, it is necessary to improve the existing fuel consumption rate determining methodology. The article presents the results of studies of the operating modes of shunting locomotives, the parameters of the spread of the values of the operating time of the diesel generator set in the load mode for shunting locomotives of the TEM2 and TEM18DM series are given. A mathematical model based on the bases of machine learning models is proposed, taking into account the degree of loading of the diesel generator set and the technical and economic characteristics of the locomotive series. The task of the proposed model is to determine the fuel consumption of a locomotive by an iterative calculation method, where the input parameters of the model are the performance indicators of the locomotive. It is established that the method of forming the fuel consumption rate for performing shunting operations should take into account the degree of loading of the diesel generator set and the technical and economic characteristics of the locomotive series. According to the results of the implementation of the proposed model for establishing specific fuel consumption rates for the studied locomotives based on the results of their operation, the average indicators of specific fuel consumption by locomotives by the positions of the driver's controller are obtained. The proposed method allows us to take into account the actual degree of loading of the diesel generator set and establish the correct fuel consumption rate for a certain period of operation of the locomotive, which represents the practical significance of the work. The presented research results are the beginning of work on the development of an intelligent system for diesel fuel rate rationing for the operation of shunting locomotives.

The physicochemical properties of diesel fuel and methyl ester of rapeseed oil are reviewed, graphical dependencies of density, kinematic and dynamic viscosity, surface tension of diesel fuel and rapeseed oil methyl ester are shown when the temperature in the diesel cylinder changes, chemical indicators of methyl esters of rapeseed oil on the characteristics of injection and spraying of fuel.

In this article, the main methods of technical diagnostics of diesel fuel equipment are considered. The faults they detect are listed. The principles of the methods work are examined in detail, the shortcomings and advantages of the chosen methods are revealed.

Solidifying transportation of goods by rail, namely, tank wagons is accompanied a number of difficulties. These include: lowering the temperature of the transported oil, accompanied by the growth of its viscosity, the inability to quickly discharge, change in performance of transported oil products, an increase in idle tank cars. The analysis of the cooling rate of the goods transported, depending on the size and thickness of the insulating layer. Introduced formulas show that the presence of the heat-insulating sheath is cylindrical vessel radius deviation from the optimum value. When this thermal insulation reduces considerably the heat transfer coefficient in the surrounding area and to accelerate the discharge process.

The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems in the activities of JSC “RZD“- increasing the energy efficiency indicators of locomotives, namely, new generation locomotives running on liquefied natural gas (LNG) - GT1h series gas turbine locomotives. The results are presented for the analysis of typical diagrams of traction work at hauling trains by the gas turbine locomotive on the Surgut - Voinovka section of the Sverdlovsk Railway. Measures are proposed to reduce the specific consumption of the fuel used for hauling operations for various running duties of a gas turbine locomotive (traction mode, idling, transient modes). The justification and description are given for the selected technical solutions to reduce fuel consumption by the “gas turbine engine-traction generator” system during gas turbine locomotive operation in idle and traction modes. The results of tests of the gas turbine locomotive during idling and in traction mode using the proposed technical solutions are presented. The comparative analysis of the results obtained is carried out and the economic assessment of the effectiveness of the selected measures is given when the gas turbine locomotive is operating in idle and traction modes. A mathematical model is proposed for the electric traction drive and the automatic control system of the gas turbine locomotive, developed using the Matlab Simulink environment and designed to study the operation and optimization of electromagnetic processes occurring in the electric traction drive of the gas turbine locomotive in various modes of its operation. Based on the results of modeling the algorithms for the operation of the automatic control system (CAP) allowing to provide energy-optimal loading paths for the “gas turbine engine - traction generator” system in the entire power control range, the economic assessment of the effectiveness of the CAP algorithms is given. The economic assessment is presented for the implementation of a set of proposed measures to improve the energy efficiency of gas turbine locomotives.

In article stages realization of complex systems non-contact thermal control of the main knots and systems locomotives are considered. The developed techniques of an assessment technical conditions sections refrigerators, electrical machines and the fuel equipment of a high pressure locomotives with use thermovision control method are presented.

The main direction of decrease in operational costs on draft of trains is reduction of expenses by fuel and energy resources, decrease in repair expenses at the expense of increase of indicators of operational reliability of power installations of a diesel rolling stock. It is obvious that the solution of these problems, now when operational profitability of diesels and their reliability are on a limit for the developed service conditions and production of diesel locomotives, it is possible at the expense of application of alternative types of the fuel which use will allow to raise both reliability of a diesel rolling stock, and its profitability under operating conditions. One of such alternative fuels can, is either natural gas, or household oil gas, that is a butane and propane mix in various ratios. In the present article on the basis of mathematical models possible ecological and economic efficiency of use of мix types of fuel on the example of the diesel 2A - 5D49 is shown.

Theoretical analyze of liquid fuel movement in low-pressure line (LPL) of diesel fuel supply systems is implemented. To solve LPL the equations set of homogeneous blend is suggested. It is shown that when using alternative fuels in locomotive and ship diesels the retrimming of fuel equipment is required, and it’s reasonable to use the degree of irregularity of working process as diagnostic indicator.

The subject of the study is the fuel utilization system of a diesel power plant as a diesel locomo-tive or other vehicle main lead, which is a complex technical system consisting of actual diesel in-ternal combustion engine, fuel lines and low pressure fuel processing and high pressure line includ-ing various elements of liquid fuels consumption dosing and control. The aim of our study was to analyze the system functioning, to determine the dynamic proper-ties and the nature of changes in the internal parameters of the system as a whole. To achieve the goal the system analysis methods were used. The processes of complex technical system operation were interpreted by means of the continuous linear stationary deterministic model of the list of others. For this particular model the body of mathematics developed on the basis of linear differential equations with constant coefficients is the most complete one. The chosen mathematical model was presented by us in the first stage in the form of a finite graph as a subgraph of obtained earlier generalized model which had both methodological and theoretical foundation. In accordance with the methodology of the systematic approach the graph model of the diesel power plant fuel utilization system operation was described in relation to major significant factors affecting the system parameters transformation dynamics. Given the complexity of the of fuel ignition and combustion mechanism located in the diesel engine cylinder, the use of the techniques of the modern automated control theory is adopted for numerical processes simulation with the system described in terms of the said theory. The criteria of efficiency, mechanical loads and thermal loads levels were chosen as the fuel utilization system internal state variables. Taking into account the Pareto principle the most important efficiency criterion components were chosen for the analysis; and the system of differential equations of the efficiency dynamics in the form of three balance equations was created. The factual description of the included equations allowed us to derive preliminary qualitative conclusions about the dynamic properties of the internal criteria: controllability, observability and stability of the fuel utilization system. The differential equations system parameters linearizing procedure and the introduction of small deviations allowed us to obtain the dynamic mathematical model of the fuel and air transfor-mation in the diesel engine heat cylinder. As the result of transformations we have obtained the equations presented in the form of the matrices, which allowed us to conclude that the process of the fuel and air transformation in the cylinder is controllable, the system is asymptotically stable, and the process is stochastic with the presence of perturbing parameters influenced by the engine's variable modes of operation. The further research areas have been suggested, and the practical results have been predicted: the creation of optimal (in terms of efficiency) control system with the technical solution in the form of the optimal controller (in relation to fuel consumption).

In article stages developments of power plants autonomous locomotives from the steam-engine to gas-turbine engines and engines on fuel elements are considered