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The reliability of diesel locomotive operation largely depends on its temperature conditions. The stability of temperature conditions should be provided by the cooling system, which regulates the heat removal from the coolant depending on its temperature and the operating mode of the diesel engine. During operation, with the existing algorithms for the operation of standard cooling systems, significant temperature drops of the coolant are observed over fairly short time intervals. This negatively affects the reliability of the diesel engine. On different series of diesel locomotives, the system for regulating the operation of refrigerator fans may differ significantly. To regulate the air flow through the refrigerator sections, an algorithm is used to turn on or off a certain number of motor fans or to change the oil flow through an axial piston type hydraulic machine, or to regulate the oil level in a torque converter. To develop an algorithm for controlling the operation of the cooling system in order to stabilize temperature conditions, it is necessary to study the processes implemented in operation. The article presents the results of the study of temperature fluctuations of the coolant during the operation of locomotives. According to the results of the study, the realizable rates of increase and decrease in the temperature of the coolant, taking into account the inertia of the process, are established. It has been established that standard cooling systems do not allow exceeding the established limits, but do not exclude significant changes in the temperature of the coolant when changing the operating mode of the diesel engine. The obtained results can be used to improve the management of heat exchange processes in order to stabilize the temperature conditions of the diesel engine, which will increase the reliability of its operation.