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In January 2022, a line of 2,000 cars formed at the Russian-Chinese border, waiting to be allowed to cross the state border [1]. The main reasons for the accumulation of a large number of vehicles at border checkpoints are restrictions on the movement of vehicles and cargo due to the difficult epidemiological situation, the lack of operational information interaction between transport organizations and regulatory authorities, insufficient capacity of the transport and terminal and logistics infrastructure. Consignors are switching to sending containers by rail, including the issue of piggyback transportation. In recent years, Russian Railways Holding has been actively developing a logistics service for the transportation of semi-trailers by rail, including in international traffic. Transportation of goods in piggybackers from the border provinces of the People's Republic of China towards the northeastern regions of Russia, where the transport infrastructure is poorly developed, difficult climatic conditions and irregular transport links, is an effective way to deliver goods to ensure an uninterrupted supply of the population of the region. As part of the strategy of the new Silk Road «One Belt - One Road» one can organize piggyback routes in the direction of Suifenhe - Grodekovo - Nizhny Bestyakh with the formation of the necessary cross-border terminal, logistics and transport infrastructure. The subject of this study is the analysis of the infrastructure of the Pogranichny railway checkpoint and the technological processes for organizing international piggyback transportation. The aim of the work is to develop a project for the infrastructure equipment of the terminal and logistics complex of the Pogranichny railway checkpoint for the organization of piggyback transportation. This paper uses theoretical research methods, including system analysis and information synthesis. By analyzing quantitative and qualitative indicators, operating technology and technical equipment of the Grodekovo station, the objects of the terminal and logistics infrastructure and issues that need to be addressed in the implementation of piggyback transportation were identified. The article presents the transport and technological schemes for the delivery of piggybackers, which are based on the functioning of terminal and logistics complexes, united by a single information space, and also considers the elements that affect the efficiency of organizing piggyback transportation. Transport industry experts predict a further increase in the volume of passage and transshipment of goods through the Far Eastern transport corridors, so the use of non-reloading transportation technologies and the implementation of the principles of «seamless» logistics will require reformatting the border terminal and logistics infrastructure with the introduction of digital services for the interaction of participants in international transportation.

This article presents a comprehensive methodological framework developed to determine the optimal parameters of railway terminals designed for piggyback transportation in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The main focus is on creating a scientifically grounded approach that combines analytical modeling, statistical evaluation, and spatial analysis. The application of this integrated method enables a systematic, consistent, and data-driven process for selecting terminal locations, defining their technical, operational, and throughput characteristics, and accounting for the economic, infrastructural, and logistical specificities of each region. Within the framework of the study, a detailed rating system was developed to assess the performance and operational efficiency of 18 logistics centers currently functioning across the country. The evaluation criteria included throughput capacity, infrastructure condition, level of multimodal connectivity, transport accessibility, geographical position, potential for future development, and resilience to market fluctuations. The findings revealed that, despite the relatively high operational indicators of the logistics centers located in the Bukhara and Samarkand regions, the Navoi region was identified as the most favorable location for the construction of a new piggyback terminal. This conclusion is explained by the region’s balanced transport network, availability of undeveloped land resources, favorable natural and geographical conditions, and strategically advantageous central position that connects major domestic and international freight corridors. The results of the conducted research have high scientific and practical significance for experts in transport planning, logistics, and public policy, providing a methodological foundation for the sustainable development of intermodal infrastructure in Uzbekistan and the broader Central Asian region.

The article deals measures to improve the efficiency of using empty cars on the example of the East Siberian railway. The problem of the mechanism for managing cargo and empty runs has been identified. It is necessary to create the system for managing empty rolling stock. The authors consider the technology of working with the company's empty car fleet and the logistics of rolling stock through the Taishet station of the East Siberian railway. The relevance of the goal is the insufficiently developed transport and logistics infrastructure of the region located at the intersection of large transport flows, high costs of logistics operators for the empty tariff. Taking into account the prospects for the development of the station's transport and logistics infrastructure in accordance with the long-term development program of Russian Railways, there are opportunities to increase the range of types of rolling stock and cargo, including container ones. This technology, with timely provision of empty rolling stock for stations, will significantly increase the level of loading and unloading and routing of incoming empty cars. The practical significance of the considered measures is the possibility of reducing the load of some stations, reducing empty flights of rolling stock, increasing the profitability of transportation and the efficiency of using rolling stock by reducing its turnover. In General, for the network, the results will increase the capacity and transit volumes of container traffic from China to the Russian Federation, and stimulate the development of the transport business.

In the context of the sanctions policy of Western countries the main economic partners of Russia and consumers of commodity flows are the countries of the Asia-Pacific region (APR). According to the results of 8 months of 2022, the trade turnover between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China (PRC), according to the General Customs Administration of the People's Republic of China, increased by 31,4 % and amounted to $ 117,2 billion [1]. The People's Republic of China borders on the southern regions of the Russian Far East - the Amur Region, the EAO, the Primorsky, Zabaikalsky and Khabarovsk Territories. There are 9 border checkpoints located in the Khabarovsk Territory: air, river, mixed, automobile, sea, which makes it possible to form new multimodal transport routes for the delivery of foreign trade goods. The purpose of the work is to consider alternative options for multimodal transportation of foreign trade cargo flows through the transport network of the Khabarovsk Territory and transshipment points of the Amur Basin. The objectives of this study are: analysis of the volume of foreign trade turnover between Russia and China, development of technological schemes for the transportation of containers in the direction of «river ports of China - Khabarovsk River Port (RF) - land transport - western regions», consideration of promising routes for the transportation of foreign trade goods through cargo and passenger checkpoints «Pokrovka - Zhaohe» and Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island of the Amur swimming pool. The subject of this study is the transport and logistics infrastructure of international multimodal routes of the Amur Basin. In this work, theoretical research methods are used, including system analysis and synthesis of information. The article examines the characteristics of the terminal and logistics infrastructure of the Amur Basin river ports, the dynamics of container transportation by river transport from the ports of China to the terminals of the Khabarovsk River Port, gives a feasibility study for the organization of a permanent customs control zone at the Khabarovsk II station, and also describes the advantages of using the Pokrovka - Zhaohe border checkpoint as an element of an alternative multimodal container transportation routes. In the final part of the work, a description of the simulation model of the operation of a mixed (automobile-river) checkpoint in the presence of customs and transit terminals for assessing the capacity of border checkpoints of the Far Eastern District is presented.