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In this research, a formal strategy for enhancing the electronic distribution of technical documents in railway automation and telemechanics is developed. The accounting and control of device-related documents are formalized using a graph-based model. By creating maximally compatible (non-contradictory) groupings of LSA elements, a micro-command system is created using logical scheme algorithm (LSA) A71 as a case study, illustrating how to simplify the logical scheme (LS). In order to characterize the methods for producing the subsequent micro-instruction code and to depict the parallel execution of internal and external micro-operations, matrix representations are introduced. The study thus suggests a useful formal model and graphical approaches for the analysis, synthesis, and assessment of workflows involving electronic technical documents. These methods aim to minimize the number of internal states in logical structures by forming compatible groups of LSA elements. The resulting micro-commands allow the simultaneous execution of multiple micro-operations within a single micro-cycle, thereby increasing processing efficiency. Extended logical schemes were introduced to better assess the complexity of automata used in managing electronic technical documents. A graphical model of the logical schemes is developed, offering practical tools to design and optimize automation processes. The proposed approach simplifies the control structure while maintaining the system’s functionality, allowing for more efficient monitoring and real-time control in railway operations. This methodology is especially relevant for modernizing technical documentation systems used in the transport sector and integrating them with automation and control mechanisms.

In this article, a scientific approach to optimizing the electromechanical route for servicing the centralization and blocking devices at the station is considered. For this purpose, the authors propose to use the algorithm for solving the known traveling salesman problem. This algorithm is the basis for constructing technological maps of the movement of electromechanics around the station, as a component of technological maintenance cards for automation and telemechanics devices.

This article discusses a modern method for diagnosing track circuits using broadband signals. The relevance of this research stems from significant shortcomings of traditional track circuits, such as low information content, strong dependence on ballast condition, and high operating costs, which lead to significant economic losses and risks to traffic safety. The proposed approach using broadband signals enables continuous monitoring of track conditions in real time, precisely localizing defects such as breaks, current leaks, insulation deterioration, and microcracks, which is impossible using traditional methods. This not only improves traffic safety but also significantly reduces the number of false alarms. The paper presents a detailed mathematical model of broadband signal propagation, taking into account key attenuation factors: the effect of current leakage through ballast, sleepers, and track connections. A comprehensive analysis of the signal's frequency characteristics was conducted, including a study of the skin effect in rails and the dependence of the complex ballast impedance on external conditions such as humidity and temperature. To minimize signal loss, a comprehensive approach based on adaptive frequency range optimization and data processing algorithms was proposed. The study focuses on the principle of matched filtering, which maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio at the filter output through effective signal compression and intelligent parameter selection. A structural diagram of the diagnostic system with a detailed description of its functional components was developed and presented. The study results demonstrate that the implementation of a monitoring system based on broadband signals enables continuous monitoring of infrastructure conditions without interrupting service, significantly improving the accuracy and speed of defect localization. Practical implementation of the developed method can significantly reduce operating costs and improve the overall reliability, safety, and throughput of rail transport.