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The known approaches to the classification of factors affecting the energy consumption of the train are considered, and their main disadvantages are identified. The validity of existing classification methods and the completeness of accounting for factors affecting energy consumption are evaluated. It is shown that none of the known approaches to classification gives a complete picture of all the influencing factors and the degree of their influence on the energy consumption of the train, since it does not fully take into account the physical nature of the individual components and the overall power consumption for traction. Based on the analysis of the energy balance of the train articulated principles and criteria for the classification of factors influencing energy consumption, considers the interconversion of different forms of energy and describe their energy diagrams in the different modes of the train movement. The analysis made it possible to identify the factors that affect the power consumption of the train in all modes of movement, and evaluate them according to various criteria. A classification of factors affecting the train's electricity consumption is proposed, which allows us to justify the correct method of accounting for each factor, develop measures to reduce the influence of individual factors on energy consumption, improve the system of analysis, rationing and forecasting of electricity consumption for train traction, and competently solve other problems of electric traction energy.