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In the article there is the increase of rail circuits work stability in conditions of heavyweight traffic for AC traction sections. There is a coordinate plane graph of backward traction circuit base diagnostic states in the paper. We analyzed the results gained in the researching and suggested the way to coordinate rail shunt location and to evaluate the insulation resistance in backward traction circuit.

This paper examines the feasibility of locating rolling stock on a track section based on the track line's input impedance, taking into account the influence of its hardware parameters and external factors. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the feasibility of using the track section's complex input impedance to pinpoint rolling stock locations in conventional track circuits. The article presents the results of modeling changes in the track section's input impedance using a 25 Hz code track circuit, traditionally used on railways in the Russian Federation and the CIS. Three basic track circuit calculation modes were used as input data: normal, shunt, and control. Using the analytical expressions of classical track circuit theory for these modes and the Smath Studio software package, graphs were obtained of the active and reactive components of the complex input impedance versus insulation resistance, the ordinate of the rolling stock's location, and the location of the rail break. The simulation results demonstrated that it is possible to use the complex input impedance of a track section to determine the location of rolling stock with an accuracy of 50 meters and pinpoint the location of a rail break with an accuracy of 100 meters. These results can be used in the development of rolling stock tracking systems, including high-speed vehicles, as well as in diagnostic systems for rail network components, which will ultimately enable the transition to predictive failure detection systems.

The article deals with the possibility of applying diagnostic algorithms, taking into account the complexity of the examination, applied to a specific problem of searching for damage in receiver end of station's tonal track circuit. The article presents calculated conditional probabilities, diagnostic weights, particular and general diagnostic values of examinations, taking into account the time of movement and work by an electrician. Based on the calculations performed, a conditional diagnostic algorithm has been compiled, taking into account the complexity of the following for the equipment of the relay end of the tonal rail circuit. The effect of using this algorithm is shown. The results of the work given in the article can be used in the maintenance of automation systems of existing railways.

In microprocessor automatic block signalling (ABS) systems all the basic functionality is implemented in software. Current technique used by Russian educational organisations for training of engineering staff is solely based on functionality exploration of the microprocessor ABS equipment. We suggest that this approach is not sufficiently effective and could be improved. In our view, the improvement could be achieved by addition of extensive ABS algorithm development practice to the Railway Signalling Engineering curriculum. In this article, we present a prototype of a special microprocessor learning board, which supports development and debugging of various ABS algorithms. Along with the functional diagram, we give some technical details and present preliminary results of implementing and using this prototype.

The quality of a track circuit monitoring system is defined to the great extent by its ability to automatically analyse the acquired data, i. e. identify the state of a track circuit. Machine learning techniques can be applied to implement this functionality. Designing a machine learning algorithm requires a learning data set from the subject domain. In this article we discuss a basic principle of track circuit mathematical model design that could be used to generate such data set. We also apply this principle and a combination of some existing methods to design and demonstrate a mathematical model of the 25 Hz AC track circuit.

The article describes the possibility of applying diagnostic algorithms, taking into account the complexity of the examination, applied to a specific problem of searching for damage in receiver of station's tonal track circuit. The aim of the work is to justify the need to take into account the complexity of the survey when compiling these algorithms. The order of compiling the diagnostic algorithm is shown, conditional probabilities, diagnostic weights, private and general diagnostic values are calculated. On the basis of the calculations performed, algorithms for diagnosing taking into account the complexity of the examination in receiver of the tonal track circuit was compiled. The work results presented in the article can be used for technical maintenance of automation systems of operating railways.

This article discusses the process of maintenance of railway automation devices. The aim of the work is to reduce labor costs for maintenance of track circuits of railway automation. Presents the method for automating the process of checking on the shunt track circuits shunting sensitivity of track circuit by at cross-rack and scheme of the device that implements this method. The values of shunt resistance equivalent to the imposition of regulatory shunt at predetermined points of the track circuit are calculated. The results obtained in the paper can be used for the improvement of systems of automation of existing railways.

This article discusses a modern method for diagnosing track circuits using broadband signals. The relevance of this research stems from significant shortcomings of traditional track circuits, such as low information content, strong dependence on ballast condition, and high operating costs, which lead to significant economic losses and risks to traffic safety. The proposed approach using broadband signals enables continuous monitoring of track conditions in real time, precisely localizing defects such as breaks, current leaks, insulation deterioration, and microcracks, which is impossible using traditional methods. This not only improves traffic safety but also significantly reduces the number of false alarms. The paper presents a detailed mathematical model of broadband signal propagation, taking into account key attenuation factors: the effect of current leakage through ballast, sleepers, and track connections. A comprehensive analysis of the signal's frequency characteristics was conducted, including a study of the skin effect in rails and the dependence of the complex ballast impedance on external conditions such as humidity and temperature. To minimize signal loss, a comprehensive approach based on adaptive frequency range optimization and data processing algorithms was proposed. The study focuses on the principle of matched filtering, which maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio at the filter output through effective signal compression and intelligent parameter selection. A structural diagram of the diagnostic system with a detailed description of its functional components was developed and presented. The study results demonstrate that the implementation of a monitoring system based on broadband signals enables continuous monitoring of infrastructure conditions without interrupting service, significantly improving the accuracy and speed of defect localization. Practical implementation of the developed method can significantly reduce operating costs and improve the overall reliability, safety, and throughput of rail transport.

The article deals with the possibility of applying an unconditional diagnostic algorithm, applied to a specific problem of searching for damage in a station's tonal track circuit. The aim of the work is to substantiate the possibility of applying diagnostic algorithms, in order to reduce the time of search and repair of damages. The order of compiling the diagnostic algorithm is shown, conditional probabilities, diagnostic weights, private and general diagnostic values are calculated. On the basis of the calculations performed, an unconditional algorithm for diagnosing the tonal track circuit was compiled. The results obtained in the article can be used for technical maintenance of automation systems of operating railways.

The article deals with the possibility of applying a conditional diagnostic algorithm, applied to a specific problem of searching for damage in a station's tonal track circuit. The aim of the work is to substantiate the possibility of applying diagnostic algorithms, in order to reduce the time of search and repair of damages. The order of compiling the diagnostic algorithm is shown, conditional probabilities, diagnostic weights, private and general diagnostic values are calculated. On the basis of the calculations performed, a conditional algorithm for diagnosing the tonal track circuit was compiled. The advantages of the conditional diagnostic algorithm in relation to the unconditional algorithm are demonstrated. The results obtained in the article can be used for technical maintenance of automation systems of operating railways.