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The main subject of this article is consideration of the possibility of applying in electric circuit of the diesel locomotive hybrid power sourse, thats consists of diesel internal combustion engine and traction energy storage (li-ion accumulator battery). The main target of this work is to describe the effectiveness of the applying Li-ion energy storage in traction and diesel internal combusion engine start modes. At the same time, the regular used lead-acit battery is excluded from the locomotive circuit and replaced by a traction accumulator battery. By using numerical simulation methods, the article considers the possibility of starting a diesel internal combustion engine with a traction li-ion accumulator battery and possibility of the increasing the torque of electric traction motors and technical characteristics of the locomotive when the li-ion traction accumutalor battery is turned on as an additional source of energy. The relevance of the results is to get data about increasing carrying mass of the train when using a hybvid energy source on a diesel locomotive. The results of the work demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of a traction battery it traction and engine start modes, while improving the performance of the locomotive. The conclusions of the work contain an analysis of the results of mathematical modeling of the use of a traction battery.