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Wearing parts of the cylinder-piston group and crank mechanism is one of the main reasons for putting a diesel engine into repair. Timely detection of the occurrence of intense wear allows you to prevent negative consequences, make timely repairs, eliminate the likelihood of unplanned exit of the locomotive from service. As a result of the study of the intensity of accumulation of wear products in engine oil, a mathematical model has been developed, which is implemented with the use of an artificial neural network apparatus. Its use allows to carry out an operational assessment of the technical condition of diesel engine parts in an in dividing way and to improve the technological process of repairing diesel engines of the D49 type

The article presents an analysis of the costs of various fuel and energy resources inJSC “Russian Railways” for the period from 2013 to 2017, results the observations on the reduction of the share of diesel fuel in the total resource consumption structure, the analysis of the distribution of the number of failures of diesel locomotive nodes along the route, the distribution of failures of the cooling system nodes along the route and the distribution of failures of diesel locomotive , the values of power consumed to drive the fan of the refrigerator shaft, various diesel locomotives. Calculated fuel flow ratespent on the drive of the fan of diesel locomotives.

Measures to normalize the consumption of diesel fuel for the operation of shunting locomotives are an integral part of the efficiency of the use of traction rolling stock. Due to the presence of problems in the formation of the fuel consumption rate, such as the performance of the shunting locomotive, the loading and technical condition of the diesel generator set, the operating conditions of locomotives, it is necessary to improve the existing fuel consumption rate determining methodology. The article presents the results of studies of the operating modes of shunting locomotives, the parameters of the spread of the values of the operating time of the diesel generator set in the load mode for shunting locomotives of the TEM2 and TEM18DM series are given. A mathematical model based on the bases of machine learning models is proposed, taking into account the degree of loading of the diesel generator set and the technical and economic characteristics of the locomotive series. The task of the proposed model is to determine the fuel consumption of a locomotive by an iterative calculation method, where the input parameters of the model are the performance indicators of the locomotive. It is established that the method of forming the fuel consumption rate for performing shunting operations should take into account the degree of loading of the diesel generator set and the technical and economic characteristics of the locomotive series. According to the results of the implementation of the proposed model for establishing specific fuel consumption rates for the studied locomotives based on the results of their operation, the average indicators of specific fuel consumption by locomotives by the positions of the driver's controller are obtained. The proposed method allows us to take into account the actual degree of loading of the diesel generator set and establish the correct fuel consumption rate for a certain period of operation of the locomotive, which represents the practical significance of the work. The presented research results are the beginning of work on the development of an intelligent system for diesel fuel rate rationing for the operation of shunting locomotives.

The reliability of diesel engines is mainly determined by the reliability of operation parts of the cylinder-piston group and crank mechanism. High-quality cleaning of engine oil during operation of mechanical impurities, provided filters coarse, fine filter and centrifugal filter, reduces the rate of wear and tear. The results of simulation of a centrifugal filter to assess its efficiency and the quality of screenings of particles of different sizes in the process of exploitation.

The results of the study the possibility of using artificial neural networks in identification problems failure status diesel D49, the results of spectral analysis of the crankcase oil. The obtained results are needed to develop software for evaluation of the degree of wear and tear as a result of the diesel locomotive spectral analysis of engine oil.

The design of the hydrostatic fan drive of the cooling system of diesel engines of passenger locomotives of the TEP70 all series is considered. According to the results of the analysis of malfunctions of components and parts of the cooling system of locomotives, it showed that the main reasons for the failure of the hydrostatic fan drive are: the destruction of the housing and overheating of the bearings of the hydraulic motor, oil leakage at the installation site of the rubber diaphragm and loss of rigidity of the spring of the thermostat. The reasons for which are often the temperature conditions and the life of the parts. The article discusses the issues of improving the efficiency of the hydrostatic fan drive of the cooling system of diesel locomotives. An increase in the life of the hydraulic motor can be achieved by eliminating idle from its operating time, since it is connected by a rigid coupling with the diesel shafts. Ensuring the independence of the operation of the hydraulic motor relative to the diesel engine is possible by changing the design of the hydraulic fan drive, by installing a viscous coupling for the transfer torque of the shaft only during the period of necessary useful work, when a certain oil temperature is reached. To increase the reliability of the thermostat, the possibility of installing an additional rubber diaphragm with increased tension force, for trouble-free operation of the thermostat when the pressure reaches 12 MPa and when the oil viscosity decreases, is considered. A malfunction of the thermostat often leads to the most serious consequences, up to the failure of the locomotive, where the most common cause is the loss of rigidity of the spring of the thermostat due to the jamming of the spool, which affects the redirection of the oil flow, and there is a high probability of an increase in the temperature of oil or water in the system. The considered main malfunctions of the hydraulic fan drive and ways to solve them will significantly increase the reliability of its operation and the efficiency of passenger locomotives.

There are results of researching regularities of chafing cylinder-piston group and crank rod mechanism in the diesel engine D49. The results are necessary for creation method of diagnosing locomotive diesel without taking for the pieces but just with the results of spectral analysis of engine oil.

Cleaning of engine oil from contaminating particles and products of wear of parts is an integral part of reliable operation of friction parts of locomotive diesels. The presence of solid particles in the oil leads to abrasive wear of the parts, and as a result reduces their resourceability. Onboard cleaning systems used on locomotives are not able to carry out fine-dispersed cleaning of engine oil. It is proposed to use an external stationary installation of centrifugal cleaners, which will increase the efficiency of cleaning and clarification of engine oil in the planned types of repair and maintenance of locomotives.