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The relevance of optimization of thermal operation and design of furnace plants with a chamber high-temperature metal heat treatment regime is considered. The methodology of their comprehensive optimization is given. The complex optimization of the furnace unit is part of an interrelated and complex evaluation of the influence of each element of its functional scheme on the thermal performance of the plant. The functional scheme of the kiln installation includes the fuel supply and heating system, the equipment of the air supply system with a recuperator for heating the air going to burn the fuel, the system of disposal in the environment of the leaving from the working space. The development of fuel combustion products with equipment for their low-temperature recycling. The method of complex optimization of furnace installation allows to determine the values of optimal parameters of thermal operation and design of furnace installations on the basis of system analysis and system approach. The method ensures the establishment of an optimal relationship between fuel consumption, metal oxidation losses, total costs for heat treatment quality of the metal, achievement of optimum proportions in the distribution of investments between individual units and elements of the furnace plant. This optimizes the internal structure of the furnace system. A functional scheme of the furnace installation and a schematic for its complex optimization when solving the problem of its feasible design are proposed.

The problem of increasing energy saving when using fuel in heating furnaces of forging and thermal shops for heat treatment of metal under pressure treatment (forging and stamping) and heat treatment (quenching, tempering, carburizing and nitrocarburizing) is considered. Ways to improve energy saving in industrial furnaces and issues of reducing fuel consumption in thermal processes were studied. The problem of rationalizing the regeneration of low-grade heat of flue gases was not solved fully enough, since economic factors and the influence of the determining parameters on the temperature and thermal regimes of heat recovery plants were not fully taken into account. Thus, it is relevant to address the issue of the appropriate degree of recovery of the thermal potential of the gases leaving the heating furnace, finding the most favorable parameters of heat recovery plants. A criterion is proposed for assessing the effective level of the degree of utilization of the heat of exhaust gases at the outlet from the heating furnaces. It is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of the heat recovery plant and determine the optimal degree of heat recovery from flue gases leaving the heating furnace based on the difference in the changing costs for the construction and operation of the heat recovery plant. A method and an algorithm for determining the technically and economically feasible degree of utilization of low-potential heat of fuel combustion products after furnace units in a heat recovery unit have been developed. The developed algorithm provided the necessary optimality conditions, was checked for sufficiency by conducting studies on the existence of an extremum at the test point and the positivity of subsequent derivatives. The dependences of the economically viable temperature of the fuel combustion products after the heat recovery plant on the determining factors, basic values, price indicators and initial data are obtained, which, in the case of reconstruction and modernization of the furnace facilities of forge and thermal shops, minimize the costs of reconstruction and increase the efficiency of its use. The practical significance of the application of the proposed developments for practical use in the design, reconstruction and modernization of the furnace facilities of forging and thermal shops has been substantiated.