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The subject of the study were made of the injection and combustion in diesel locomotives and ships, which are the most difficult to analyze, operate and forecasting facility management (processes in the cylinder of a diesel engine), where the conversion of thermal energy released during the combustion of fuel into mechanical work takes place through a series of successive physico-chemical, thermal, mass transfer and thermodynamic transformations which together constitute the circular irreversible and unlocked the duty cycle. However, the direct study of the operating cycle is still difficult complexity of the totality of the factors influencing the course of the process as a whole. The aim of the work was to establish an empirical connection laws fuel supply and combustion process in diesel cylinder it, ie the creation of methods of calculating these processes together. One approach to establishing formal relations and the possibility of subsequent numerical modeling of combustion processes and communication of the law the fuel in a diesel engine is the use of the theory of automatic control, which developed methods of identification, taking into account the processes of management system in the form of a model of a cybernetic system. It is concluded that the numerous experimental and computational studies suggest that the dynamics of the fuel significantly affects the combustion process in a diesel engine, and, consequently, its power and economic performance. Then to establish a formal link (model) combustion processes and the law the fuel used machine control theory (TAU), which uses and develops methods for the identification, considering processes management system in the form of a cybernetic circuit. Assumed that the full range of processes in the combustion chamber since the start of the fuel supply to the end of its combustion is a complex dynamic system of self-governing. The formulation was based on statistical methods for solving the problem of identification, where the input variable and its response (the law of supply and indicator diagram - experimental curves) are stationary random functions, and object management (combustion) is classified as a one-dimensional linear lumped. As a criterion of proximity to the object used criterion of the minimum of the expectation of a given function of the difference of the input signals and the object model. It is noted that there is currently no accurate method for calculating the finished analytically binding processes fuel supply, mixture formation and combustion in a diesel engine. Therefore, there is not yet calculated optimum injection characteristics suitable for the calculation and simulation processes in diesel engines of various types. It was found that, other things being equal, the law determined by the rate of injection of fuel injected. Striving to achieve injection with increasing speed in order to reduce the cycle dynamics, as well as more efficient use of the air charge in a distant "corners" of the combustion chamber (the latter portion of fuel, with a maximum speed to penetrate into the remotest corners). It is shown that in most cases it is necessary for the administration of the mathematical description of establishing the relationship between input and output variables, based on which can be worked out such a control object, which would ensure achievement of the intended target operation of the facility. With regard to the solution of a specific problem the most common case is when and exposure and response will be functions of the same argument. Thus, determining the experimental data of the conditional expectation of the output variable with respect to the input, we obtain the optimal (in the sense of the criterion of minimum mean square deviation) Estimates of the object. Given the accepted method of identification and characteristics of the problem, the best operator in the class of linear operators, and not among all possible random variables. This study was based on the principle of superposition, which is performed for a linear operator. Using the hypothesis that the investigated signals have the property of ergodicity with respect to the correlation functions. The adoption of the hypothesis of ergodicity possible to determine the correlation functions centered on the realization of a random process, ie, combustion process, as successive cycles. Noted that most fully identifiable objects are described in terms of the state space. Under the state of the object understood set of values, fully define its position at any given time. Proposed a model of the considered dynamic objects to choose a system of differential equations. In view of the above, the proposed approximation algorithm to determine the dynamic characteristics of the combustion process, ie, the agent object in the class of linear operators, which was presented as a system of differential equations representing the desired mathematical model.

This article provides an analysis of the failure of mechanical equipment freight electric loco-motive 2ES6 "Sinara". The aim is to analyze the main failure of the mechanical part, the causes of failure . Using statistical methods for estimating and accounting data form TU -29 "Book of dam-age or malfunction of locomotives and multiple units and their equipment" locomotive repair depot «Мoskovka» investigated. Mechanical equipment failures make up 8.72% of all failures locomotive. Mean operating time to failure of the mechanical part locomotive is L2=156221km. Failure analy-sis of mechanical equipment showed that about 50% of all faults related to the deterioration of the rolling surface of the wheelset . More than a third of all failures associated with unilateral wheel flange wear. Mean time to failure due to a unilateral wheelset wear bandage is L1=279874 km. One reason is the incorrect distribution the load on the wheelsets at the factory and in the process of the attendance, maintenance. About 20% of mechanical equipment failures account for the fail-ure ventilation pipes. Analysis showed that the problem appears in the winter season. The main reason is a design defect ventilation pipes. Other types of mechanical equipment failures have less statistical significance. For comparison, the paper analyzes the distribution of electric locomotives VL10 mechanical failures. The obtained dependences can be a source of information for the system repair locomotives 2ES6 "Sinara" on-condition maintenance.

In article there are fluid flow mathematical models at the UV-sterilizer with concentric pipes installed in modernized water supply system of passenger car allowing to determine the velocity field of the rotational velocity component and assess the degree of attenuation depending on the chamber disinfection geometry, the inlet pressure in the water system, and fluid properties. There are exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for a rotating fluid between fixed cylinder of infinite length and limited fictitious determined rotating lids provided Poiseuille axisymmetric flow. The decision explicitly contains the product of cylindrical Bessel functions and hyperbolic functions.

The design of the working body planner slopes for liner-tamping-finishing machine VPO-3000. Based on the analysis of existing designs of planners ball-fin track machines (VPO-3000,SZP-600R,PB-01,SS-3,ELB-3MK,ELB-4K),finding to operate on a network of West-Siberian Railway selected under the most-walked analogue - plow machine SZP-600r.The proposed project design of all structural elements of the plow SZP-600R has been changed in view of the desired trajectories scheduler slopes and its geometrical layout on the machine VPO-3000,as well as taking into account the requirements of the design and of top-Story-of way,in particular gravel ballast,after work on her cleaning ballast cleaner MF-600. The selection of geometric parameters and the calculation of design elements scheduler slopes are made using APM WinMashin programs according to the real conditionscess of the load operation and,in particular: arrow with the plow is in working position and performs cutting and Zdzvizhkou crude ballast for support of contact network; arrow disclosed at the maximum angle ?; plows are not disclosed and are located along the axis of the boom. The developed design planner slopes allows removal of contaminated ballast portion of the railway line,as well as other operators,radio planning prism slopes. The proposed project will improve the machine VPO-3000 allows the excluded-tained from the technological process of modernization of railroad tracks Add-tional machine to remove the contaminated site ballast,which reduces the cost of performing the work.

This article presents dynamic model for numerical researches of oscillations of the main frame of an electric locomotive taking into account the impact of longitudinal efforts arising in the automatic coupler.

The results of mathematical modeling of the heating process of the wheel material during braking mode of the locomotive are presented in article. The results can be used to calculate the temperature change for any point of the wheel during the braking operation.

The development of traction rolling stock is closely associated with an increase in the maximum traction force for adhesion the wheels to the rails. The negative factor in this aspect of development is slipping. The article proposes a new method of protection against slipping of wheel sets of electric locomotives 2(3)ES5K «Ermak». The method implies redistribution of tractive forces between wheel sets and minimization of sanding. The paper discusses the principle of operation of the anti-slip system and the principle circuit of the power section, and simulates some modes of wheel sets in the Multisim software package.

The calculation of the performance indicators of the traction power supply system in steady-state modes is focused on solving a wide range of tasks related to the choice of parameters of the power equipment of traction substations, the placement of linear equipment, the cross section of the contact suspension, the comparison of options for technical and economic indicators. Currently, the appearance of various regulated devices in the traction power supply system necessitates the improvement of calculation methods and algorithms used in various software complexes. In this paper, the issues of constructing substitution schemes for modeling the operation of the traction power supply system in steady-state modes, taking into account the devices for automatic switching on and off of the backup converter unit of the traction substation and the accumulation of electricity. The corresponding substitution schemes and fragments of calculation algorithms that take into account the characteristics and operating modes of these devices are presented. The use of the proposed substitution schemes allows us to take into account in the calculations the difference in the external characteristics of the converter units, to assess the compliance of the automation settings with the level of electric traction load and the effect of the device on the voltage level on the substation tires and in the contact network, the load capacity of traction substations, and for the accumulation device, taking into account the charging and discharge characteristics, to additionally assess the impact on the effectiveness of regenerative braking. The proposed algorithms of the devices are designed to improve the methods of calculating the indicators of the traction power supply system. The paper proposes an improved method for calculating the indicators of the traction power supply system, based on simultaneous traction and electrical calculations, based on the database of calculations performed for various conditions of electric rolling stock on the railway section.

The article discusses the issue of improving the efficiency of converting units of DC traction substations. An algorithm for calculating electricity losses in converting units is given by the system-fixed effective values of the phase voltage of the primary winding of the transformer and the load current of each converter unit. Using the example of a conventional traction substation, an assessment of the influence of the operation settings of the regime automation of converting units on the loss of electrical energy is given.

Constantly conducted studies of the reliability of electric equipment of traction rolling stock have shown that the most vulnerable element is the insulation design of the windings of power equipment, especially traction motors. Existing methods and means of restoration and repair of insulating structures of windings of traction motors of modern electric locomotives, based on drying polymer insulation in convective high-power electric furnaces, are energy and time-consuming. This technology has not undergone significant changes for over 50 years. In order to extend the polymer insulation life of electric vehicles of traction rolling stock, an insulation drying technology using thermal radiation was proposed that reduces the cost of electricity for repairs and increases the drying speed by reducing heat loss. The article is devoted to the design of a new device for drying the insulation of the windings of the magnetic system of the skeleton of the backbone of the electric locomotive traction engine by a rotating thermal field. The analysis of works and conclusions based on the results of theoretical studies related to mathematical modeling is presented. As a method of mathematical modeling, the finite element method was used in the work. A simplified 3D model of the winding of the core magnetic system with infrared emitters was created. According to the results of finite element mathematical modeling, temperature fields of heating the polymer insulation of the windings of the core of the traction motor were obtained. Based on this calculation, the work selected the optimal design parameters of the proposed device that provide the minimum energy costs for various sizes of the skeleton of the traction engines. Based on the proposed device variant, an application for a patent for a utility model has been filed, and this prototype is being assembled on the basis of the Ulan-Ude locomotive and car repair plant, a branch of Zheldorremmash JSC. New directions for further research are also set.

The article proposes a method of using the mathematical apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets in automation of the locomotives reliability management, because when writing algorithms there is a problem of transition from not fully formalized concepts of human communication to formalizing software. Examples of the fuzzy sets use in calculating the locomotives reliability are described. When calculating the reliability parameters manually, the volume of calculations does not allow you to move to more complex algorithms. When there are automated systems, it is necessary for each indicator of the transportation process, which affects its reliability, to set the function of belonging to a dangerous and normal value using the mathematical apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets. Then the risk of a dangerous event will be assessed in probability, taking into account the logical claim to the risk.

Modern locomotive on board microprocessor-based control systems (MSU) can be used for not only controlling locomotive equipment, but for analyzing the process of their functioning too by means of mathematical statistics. It is confirmed by authors of this article. Through the article is offered method of nearby-failure condition diagnostic by the means of MSU data correlation analysis.

The purpose of the study is to justify a rational method of organizing transportation, depending on the various parameters of packaged cargoes, transport containers, wagons and containers. The methods of investigation are based on the analysis and generalization of existing methods and methods of collecting the initial information, methods of its processing when choosing a rational method for the carriage of packaged goods. Practical significance of the research in the implementation of its results lies in the possibility of increasing the technical rate of loading of wagons and containers.

In this article the problems of efficiency of functioning of production systems of the locomotive repair enterprise are solved. In particular, the object of research is the technological processes of repair and maintenance of electric locomotives at the enterprises for repair of traction rolling stock. The article presents a mathematical description of the production process of such enterprises, on the example of the service locomotive depot «Moskovka». The mathematical model is described on the basis of queueing theory (QS) and Markov chains. A graph of the technological state of the locomotive during repair in the depot, where the process of transition of the repaired rolling stock from the state to the state, i.e. the relationship of technological movements of the electric locomotive on the territory of the depot, as well as the time of technological operations described transition matrix. The distribution of repair requests is described by the Poisson law, the delay of the electric locomotive in the depot areas in the planned types of repair in accordance with the accepted norm, and in the unplanned form of repair, the applications are delayed in accordance with the distribution of erlang. Based on the results of the mathematical description of the model of the production process of the repair enterprise, a simulation model of the operation of the Moskovka depot was created, implemented on a computer with the help of professional software of a new generation - AnyLogic. The paper describes the logic diagram of the simulation model, selected methods and modeling libraries. According to the results of the study, the overall assessment of technological performance indicators of the locomotive repair enterprise, in the conditions of probabilistic, dynamic changes in the repair task. By means of the methods of research of technological processes of depot «Moskovka» realized in article, it is possible to design any repair enterprises on repair of a rolling stock of the railroads, for the purpose of identification of «bottlenecks» of production process.

To increase the speed of the cargo delivery, freight wagons are being developed, intended for the design speed of 140 km/h. One of the important parts of a freight wagon is the bogie, the design of which determines the wagon dynamic behaviour. The bogie of such wagons uses a frame of a rigid design, which is susceptible to antisymmetric loads. The analysis of standards has shown that the strength test during designing a rigid bogie frame under the impact of maximum antisymmetric forces that may occur in operation when a wheel derails is not required, which can lead to a residual antysymmetric deformation of the bogie frame. Theoretical research is performed to estimate the impact of the residual antisymmetric deformation on traffic safety using the wheelset safety factor against derailment. The research results have shown that the bogie frame residual deformation leads to a load redistribution on the wheelset axle journal, which, in terms of the impact on the wheelset safety factor against derailment, is similar to the wagon rolling motion. The wagon rolling motion affects the reduction of the wheelset safety factor against derailment to a greater extent than oscillations during pitching and bouncing. Thus, the permission to operate wagons with the antisymmetric residual deformation of the bogie frame without its non-destructive testing can lead to traffic safety violation. In order to ensure the traffic safety of wagons with bogies having rigid frames and reduce economic losses at the design stage, bogies strength depending on the action of antisymmetric forces should be estimated.

One of the properties of the reliability of the power supply of electric rolling stock of railways is the trouble-free operation of the traction power supply system in various modes of its operation. For post-emergency and forced modes of operation of the traction power supply system, a decrease in load capacity is characteristic. In order to ensure the throughput and carrying capacity of the railway section by traction power supply devices, it is proposed to consider the use of electric power storage devices on electric rolling stock and in the traction power supply system. Studies conducted by domestic and foreign researchers allow us to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative solutions to improve the reliability of power supply, which include various options for the use of electric power storage devices on electric rolling stock and in the traction power supply system. This article presents the results of a review of these solutions, a simulation model of a traction power supply system and an electric rolling stock with power storage devices based on various batteries and a supercapacitor is proposed. Modeling of changes in the modes of operation of the traction power supply system is carried out taking into account the state control of switching devices. The calculation results allow us to estimate the voltage drop at the output of electric power storage devices, including taking into account the exponential zone of the discharge characteristics of batteries, to estimate the voltage change for a given electric traction load depending on the energy intensity of the storage device, made on the basis of the most common types of batteries and a supercapacitor.

The article summarizes and analyzes data on the use of natural gas (methane) as an additive to diesel fuel on the low-pressure line of diesel engines of locomotive CHME3.The results of The gas engine fuel effect assessment on the efficiency of locomotives CHME3 are presented.

The article noted the need to improve the technology of repair locomotive wheelsets. We propose a model describing the process of machining tread on milling machines based on thermo-mechanical approach to cutting metal. On the basis of the model is a method for analytical determination of the forces of milling, the temperature front and rear surfaces of the carbides. Presented results of the comparison of experimental data and data obtained analytically.

The article assesses the influencing factors for electric power consumption for the needs of the electric locomotives of the 2ES6 series, statistical models for normalizing the electric power consumption for own power have been generated, and their quality has been assessed.

The subjects of the study are the problem of controlling the crew in space by means of an automatic system for controlling the gap between the electromagnet poles and ferro-rails in the system of high-speed land transport based on the levitation effect. One of the main conditions for comfortable levitation mode of the crew is the absence of vertical deformations of the crew during multipoint suspension due to non-uniform distribution of lifting and guiding forces. In order to ensure the stability of the crew's electromagnetic suspension, various combinations of control system feedbacks are proposed. The results of the study of the electromagnetic suspension control system using the electromagnet current feedback in the land speed vehicle levitation mode are presented. The main requirement to the control system of an electromagnetic suspension in the levitation mode is the maximum permissible deviation of the permissible air gap ±5 mm under the action of the impulse of the aerodynamic force in the horizontal plane and the speed of its application. The principle of subordinate regulation of the control system parameters with the use of regulators in accordance with the functional two-loop system of automatic regulation with current feedback has been proposed. The application of the double-loop automatic control system at supply voltage fluctuations corrects the electromagnet current and excludes the deviation of the maximum permissible gap between the electromagnet and the ferro-rail. The performed calculations prove that the introduction of the electromagnet current feedback decreases the velocity transfer coefficients and thus increases the signal speed.

An analysis of the operation of electric locomotives on certain sections of railways shows that their power is used irrationally and electric locomotives are operated with low energy indicators, especially on long-distance flat stretches, which indicates that there are reserves for reducing the consumption of electric energy. The purpose of the work is to determine the optimal value of the rated power of electric locomotives by minimizing the electricity consumption on the site and to estimate the loss of electric energy from the non-optimal use of electric locomotives' power. To achieve this goal, an equation was drawn up for the dependence of the electric power consumption on the traction of an electric locomotive on the value of its rated power. To find the optimal value, this equation was differentiated by the value of the rated power of the electric locomotive and solved using the Cardano method. The expression allowed us to determine the minimum consumption of electric power is the rated power of the electric locomotive, depending on the required for a given traffic conditions and to evaluate the variation of energy consumption from non-optimal use of its structural capacity. The obtained equations allowed us to solve the problems of choosing the optimal value of the rated power of electric locomotives and evaluating the irrational consumption of electric energy from the non-optimal use of their power and can be used to determine the optimal parameters of electric locomotives. The conclusion is made about the importance of choosing the optimal power values of electric locomotives in order to obtain the highest technical and economic indicators during their operation.

With the increase in the capacity of modern electric rolling stock providing freight and passenger transportation, the problem of transmitting large traction currents remains relevant, caused by the low load capacity of the pantograph, which can lead to overheating and annealing of the contact inserts with a subsequent decrease in their strength, peeling of graphite from the copper shell, and increased wear. The article considers the classification of various methods for increasing the load capacity of pantographs, the most promising of which is cooling their runners. The disadvantages of the known active and passive runner cooling systems include the need to use additional mechanisms and units to remove heat from the heated parts, which work effectively only when the electric rolling stock is moving or at a standstill. To eliminate this drawback, the authors proposed a technical solution for a pantograph runner equipped with heat pipes and capable of successfully operating in various operating modes of electric rolling stock. To test the operability of the proposed technical solution, its mathematical model was created in the SolidWorks software environment, which, using the FlowSimulation application, allows modeling the thermal processes occurring in the pantograph runner. When using heat pipes in the runner design, the heating temperature is distributed more evenly along its length, thereby improving the conditions for heat dissipation into the environment, which will allow higher load currents to pass through. The results of mathematical modeling of thermal processes in the pantograph runner in the SolidWorks software environment are confirmed by experimental studies on a specialized installation. The use of the proposed device facilitates a more uniform distribution of heat over the surface of the runner, reducing the heating of the contact inserts and increasing the load capacity of the pantograph and the reliability of its operation under conditions of high-speed, high-speed and heavy-haul train movement.

Railway transport faces the challenges not only to ensure uninterrupted transportation of national economic goods, but also to develop new locomotives and increase the efficiency of their use. In particular, the currently accepted mode of starting diesel locomotives of the UzTE16M type leads to additional consumption of fuel resources, therefore, research on the development and improvement of the conditions for starting diesel locomotives of this type is relevant. Based on the study of previous studies and designs of various systems in order to facilitate the start of diesel locomotives with electric transmission, it is necessary to establish the available reserves of the power circuit and control circuits. The article considers a mathematical model of torsional oscillations in a diesel generator start-up system with two concentrated mass moments of inertia. Torsional oscillations between the traction generator and the crankshaft of diesel locomotives of the UzTE16M type have not been previously considered. In this article, the problem of torsional oscillations of the reduced masses of the armature of the traction generator and diesel engine in the mode of starting the DG from the battery and additional devices is solved. The Lagrange method has derived a system of mass oscillation equations based on generalized coordinates of elastic oscillations between the masses of the armature of a traction generator and a diesel engine with a variable mass moment of inertia. For the resulting system of equations, the solution is performed by the method of operational calculus, taking into account the accepted functions of mass moments of inertia, moments of driving forces and resistances. Conclusions are drawn that the operation of the diesel starting system on diesel locomotives of the UzTE16M type is determined by the functions of the reduced mass moment of inertia of the diesel, the driving torque and the angular velocity function; the resulting solution makes it possible to calculate the driving torque and the range of angular velocity changes when starting the diesel generator set of UzTE16M locomotives for further comparison with experimental data; when using the recommended electric scheme for starting a diesel locomotive, an increase in the driving torque of the diesel crankshaft and the angular acceleration speed of the traction generator armature is achieved. Based on the developed model, it is recommended to determine the angular velocity of the diesel crankshaft.

Considered forced oscillations of four-axle vehicle with dual spring suspension. It is obtained that the movement system with six degrees of freedom with sufficient accuracy can be represented by a system with two degrees of freedom. Therefore, the vehicle body has two degrees of freedom: lateral skidding and wobbling, Bouncing and galloping trucks will be neglected. The total number of degrees of freedom of the model equal to two. The method, which leads to a closed solution of the forced oscillation. Defined. That tends and to (n = 1, 2,…), the amplitude of the oscillations will be unlimited. Therefore, the parameters k1, k2 and T must be selected on the basis of required values of amplitudes. As a result of research compiled by the differential equation of motion of the system and obtained analytical solution for the case of external piecewise constant driving force.

The purpose of the work is to assess the energy efficiency of recuperative braking of a passenger DC electric locomotive when a train is moving at an unsteady and steady speed, to determine the degree of influence of the speed of movement and electric heating of passenger cars on the return of electricity during recuperative braking of an electric locomotive, to develop recommendations for improving the energy efficiency of passenger DC electric locomotives. The following methods were used: comparative analysis, methods of traction calculations, linear regression analysis, energy balance method. The equations of the energy balance of the movement of a passenger train and its components are considered in the mode of regenerative braking, allowing to identify the main factors affecting the return of electricity. The dependences of the return of electricity during regenerative braking, allowing to evaluate the influence of the train running mode and electric heating of passenger cars on the return of electricity during regenerative braking of an electric locomotive, are obtained. Developed recommendations to reduce the energy consumption of passenger trains. The conditions under which it is possible to increase the return of electricity during regenerative braking of passenger electric locomotives are determined. The developed proposals will allow increasing the energy efficiency of passenger DC electric locomotives.