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In the article the peculiarities and the advantages of using dynamic modes for diagnosing units of rolling stock. Specific examples of the diagnostics of separate units of the locomotive vibration, temperature, electrical parameters, frequency of rotation. The urgency of the task of developing diagnostic systems using the reference models.

The known approaches to the classification of factors affecting the energy consumption of the train are considered, and their main disadvantages are identified. The validity of existing classification methods and the completeness of accounting for factors affecting energy consumption are evaluated. It is shown that none of the known approaches to classification gives a complete picture of all the influencing factors and the degree of their influence on the energy consumption of the train, since it does not fully take into account the physical nature of the individual components and the overall power consumption for traction. Based on the analysis of the energy balance of the train articulated principles and criteria for the classification of factors influencing energy consumption, considers the interconversion of different forms of energy and describe their energy diagrams in the different modes of the train movement. The analysis made it possible to identify the factors that affect the power consumption of the train in all modes of movement, and evaluate them according to various criteria. A classification of factors affecting the train's electricity consumption is proposed, which allows us to justify the correct method of accounting for each factor, develop measures to reduce the influence of individual factors on energy consumption, improve the system of analysis, rationing and forecasting of electricity consumption for train traction, and competently solve other problems of electric traction energy.

The article discusses a question, which is bonded with the traffic safety, namely the integrity’s verification of the braking highway’s of the freight train before the departure. There was given a range of reports in the absence of the braking highway’s integrity’s test by the locomotive crews. There was the verification’s order developed and his testing done. There were made the suggestions for improvement of the safety devices in terms of automation of the integrity’s verification of the braking highway.

The subject of research is the evaluation of the effectiveness of different modes of energy-optimal control of the movement of a freight train of a unified mass by AC freight electric locomotives of the Uz-El series with asynchronous electric motors on the flat section of Kokand - Andijan of the Uzbek railway. Purpose of the study: substantiation of the main performance indicators of electric traction locomotives, taking into account the given traffic schedule, using various options for the optimal mode of controlling the movement of a freight train with a unified train mass on a real flat section of the Uzbek railway. The methods and methodology of the research are the theoretical foundations of locomotive traction, the mathematical theory of optimal object control, as well as the C # programming language (C Sharp) with the development of mock-up applications in the Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0 programming environment.As a result of the study, energy-optimal curves, kinematic parameters of the movement of a freight train and parameters of the main indicators of the energy efficiency of the investigated electric locomotive for different options for traction calculation on the real flat section of Kokand - Andijan of the Uzbek railway were obtained. The obtained kinematic parameters of the movement of freight trains with a unified mass of the train and the parameters of the efficiency indicators for the use of the studied electric locomotives can be used in the Kokand locomotive depot, which will allow developing regime maps for driving freight trains by these electric locomotives, depending on the level of complexity of the track profile and various conditions for organizing rail transportation of goods.

This paper considers a continuous automatic locomotive signalling (CALS) receiver with a correlation decoder. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of harmonic interference from a high-voltage power line on the operation of a non-linear CALS receiver with a correlation decoder. The experimental study of the quality of operation of a non-linear CALS receiver with a correlation decoder under the influence of harmonic interference from high-voltage power lines was carried out using the simulation method. Simulation models of interference from a high-voltage power line (VPL), a receiver and a correlation decoder of the CALS channel were used in the study. The analysis of oscillograms obtained as a result of the study has shown that the correlation decoder has a number of features due to the algorithm of its functioning. The correlation decoder more confidently accepts code combinations with a duration of 1.6s (generated by the code track transmitter of CTT-5 type), than the duration of 1.86s (generated by the code track transmitter CTT-7). This is expressed in a shorter time interval of disturbance of the CALS non-linear receiving device. At decoding of the code combination (CC) with the duration of both 1.6 s and 1.86 s the situation of short-term decoding of the more permissive CC «Y» instead of «RY» was observed. However, the duration of these situations did not exceed two code cycles and would not have caused a more permissive light to appear at the locomotive traffic light. In general, the experiments have shown that the CALS CC correlation decoding algorithm needs improvement for more confident decoding of CCs produced by a code track transmitter of the CTT-7 type(1.86 s).

In the practice of railway transport and the locomotive complex, the average statistical data used in practice are not homogeneous, which is usually called “average temperature in the hospital” in the literature. The homogeneity of data is determined by their unimodality, i.e. the presence of one process in the sample. Unsuccessful sampling leads to its bimodality and even multimodality. It is proposed to check for unimodality of the initial data using the consequence of the law of large numbers, according to which, with an increase in the number of data, homogeneous samples tend to one of the distribution laws of a random variable: normal, exponential, lognormal, or another known law. Therefore, any unimodal sample must meet the goodness-of-fit test, which the article proposes to use the Pearson test (“chi-square”, χ2). The unimodality of the data is proposed to be estimated through the probability of compliance with the law of distribution of a random variable chosen for consideration, considering the probability of more than 0.3 (30%) to be sufficient. On the example of locomotive operation data and on-board microprocessor systems data, data are shown that cannot really be unimodal, but there is data that requires changing the sampling rules to achieve unimodality. For example, when considering the average daily runs of locomotives by series at specific home depots with participation in one type of traffic (main traffic, shunting or switching work), unimodality is achieved. An attempt to enlarge the data (take several series, several polygons, etc.) leads to the loss of unimodality. The article considers the unimodality of these on-board microprocessor control systems MSU-TP for diesel locomotives of the 2TE116U series. The expected operating time for the positions of the driver's controller turned out to be multimodal data. Unexpectedly, the current of the traction motors turned out to be unimodal, regardless of the driving position of the driver's controller.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the voltage drop in the contact network caused by poor-quality operation of an alternating current electric locomotive when passing heavy trains. Heavy-haul traffic is considered today as a valid and necessary tool for increasing weight norms and increasing the throughput of railway sections. The article provides statistics on the passage of heavy and connected trains on the Krasnoyarsk railway for 2019 and 2020. For the effective use of heavy traffic, it is necessary to solve a number of problems, one of which is to reduce the voltage in the overhead network when passing heavy trains, this negatively affects the speed of the train along the haul, the conditions for cooling the power equipment of the electric locomotive deteriorate, etc. As a result of the analysis of the operation of the thyristor rectifier-inverter converter, a number of disadvantages were revealed. The reason for the low power factor of the electric locomotive lies in the use of an outdated element base based on thyristors, their closure is carried out only in the next voltage half-cycle, long-term switching and a large opening angle of thyristors leads to a significant reactive current in the contact network. Based on the analysis the voltage losses at the current collector, it was concluded that it is necessary to reduce the duration of the switching process of the arms of the rectifier-inverter converter, in which a short circuit occurs in the secondary winding of the traction transformer. An alternative version of the converter based on fully controlled semiconductor devices - IGBT transistors is proposed. The ability to open and close at any time of such elements allows you to minimize the phase angle and increase the power factor. Due to the almost instantaneous switching of transistors, the distortion in the contact network is minimized.

The method of determining the durability indicators of wheel pairs of locomotives is considered on the example of diesel locomotives of the 2TE25KM series operated on the Volga railway. For this purpose, the 90% resource of the wheel pairs of the studied series of locomotives was determined, and it was compared with the accepted standard indicator. In addition, a controlled parameter of the wheelset is selected, limiting the reliability of this node. To conduct the study, methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory were used, in particular, the Laplace distribution function, the Student's criterion, as well as the results of calculations of the dependencies of the mean value and the standard deviation of the controlled parameters, the initial values of developments and operating time corresponding to the probability of failure 0.5. In this study, a mathematical model for assessing the durability of wheelsets from the point of view of reliability theory was developed. The evaluation of the durability indicators of the wheelset elements was carried out on the basis of the type of random variable distribution law with its parameters obtained on a computer and adopted according to the Pearson criterion. As a result of the calculations, 90% of the life of the wheelset was obtained according to two controlled parameters, which amounted to 476.6 thousand km for the thickness of the bandage, and 282.6 thousand km for the thickness of the ridge. The results obtained were compared with the values adopted in the Technical Specifications for this series of locomotives (800 thousand km). km), as well as with statistical data on the values of controlled parameters obtained during processing and analysis - 240 thousand km. Due to the fact that in operation the average life of the wheelset is determined by a larger number of controlled parameters, taking into account unscheduled repairs, and in this study - only on the basis of the thickness of the bandage and the ridge, it is not possible to talk about full compliance with the calculated and actual data. According to the results of calculations, the limiting reliability of the wheelset is such a controlled parameter as the thickness of the ridge. For a more accurate assessment of the durability of wheelsets, it should also be taken into account that the intensity of wear of rolling stock equipment is affected by specific operating conditions, in this regard, inter-repair runs should be adjusted taking into account the influence of external factors during operation. In order to fully assess the durability of wheelsets in the future, it is necessary to take into account additional factors, in addition to those that affect the parametric change of random variables, as well as the fact that takes into account the monitoring and analysis of all controlled parameters of this node during the operation of locomotives.

The goal of the research is to development of a synchronous-replicated model for the assessment of the technical state of a locomotive as a technical system to reduce the occurrence of failures during operation, and as a result, reduce downtime in repairs. When performing the research, the following interdisciplinary and mathematical methods were used: system analysis, computer and mathematical modeling, methods of the theory of artificial neural networks, mathematical analysis. As a result of the research, a mathematical synchronously replicated model for assessing the technical condition of a locomotive based on an artificial multilayer forecasting neural network was obtained. The developed model can be used in monitoring systems, control, diagnosing the technical condition of the locomotive fleet. The original features of the developed model are a low sampling period between polling monitoring tools, versatility, adaptability, efficiency. Based on the developed model, a generalized algorithm for managing the technical condition of the locomotive fleet is built. The proposed model and algorithm solves the ranges of tasks described in the development concept of Russian Railways OJSC related to the implementation of the actual repair system according to the current technical condition of the locomotive, as well as the digitalization of the company’s advanced areas.

An urgent issue is to increase the power factor of electric rolling stock. One of the ways to increase the power factor in the traction and regenerative braking modes was proposed by the scientists of IrGUPS - this is the use of a rectifier-inverter converter on IGBT with modified control algorithms. This solution allows to significantly reduce the consumption of reactive current from the contact network, increase the capacity of railway sections, increase the technical speed, increase the efficiency of the traction power supply system, and also increase the amount of electricity returned to the contact network in the regenerative braking mode. The study of the performance of this converter is of interest. The transported volumes of goods on the railway lines of the Russian Federation continue to increase. One of the key links in ensuring the specified growth rates of tonne-kilometer work is the availability of powerful traction rolling stock equipped with an appropriate traction drive. A powerful traction drive is characterized by the consumption of significant current. To ensure its flow over the arms of the converter, a parallel connection of power semiconductor devices is used. For modern converters of electric locomotives, 4 parallel branches of power switches are used in the arm. The features of the parallel operation of the arm branches affect the performance of the converter on IGBT transistors. This article proposes to consider one of these features, namely the influence of parasitic inductances on the distribution of currents in the parallel branches of the converter, depending on the connection point of the AC power bus. The study was carried out using the Matlab Simulink software package. The article discusses various options for the topology of connecting power buses and presents diagrams of the distribution of currents in the parallel branches of the arm for each connection method. An assessment was made of such parameters as the spread of the peak current of switching on the branches of the arm, the time of current equalization during the conduction period, and the difference in the magnitude of the current in specific branches. Based on the results of the study, as well as taking into account the existing dimensions for the equipment of AC electric locomotives, a conclusion was made about the most optimal option for connecting power buses.

With the advent of new series of locomotives, the development of heavy freight trains, the increasing speeds of passenger trains, the introduction of innovative technical means and technologies, the degree of influence of various indicators on energy consumption is redistributed. The aim of the article is to develop a methodology for monitoring the efficiency of locomotives when changing the set of operational factors. This will make it possible to more accurately determine the estimated change in specific energy consumption, which in turn will increase the objectivity of the assessment of the causes of changes in the energy intensity of transport and will help to reduce energy losses.

The subject of consideration of this article is the traction electric motor of a diesel locomotive. Traction electric motor (TED) is the main element of power transmission, therefore, the reliability of the locomotive as a whole depends on its reliability. The main causes of failures of traction motors in operation are considered. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it can be argued that the most damaged part of the traction motor is its armature. In the context of the introduction of new classes of insulation heat resistance by the new standard - GOST 2582-2013 - ensuring the reliability of the anchor is especially important. The causes of the most common failures of TED in operation have been established: violation of the integrity of the insulation of the winding by the sharp edges of the extreme sheets of the anchor core iron package when laying the winding in the grooves of the core, vibration of the extreme sheets of the anchor core iron package when exposed to electromagnetic forces with a frequency multiple of the number of poles of the electric motor, imperfection of the fastening system of the frontal parts of the armature winding, mismatch of the coefficients of temperature linear elongations copper windings, insulating materials and steel core of the armature. The result of the analysis of the design of serial TED were proposals to improve the design of the nodes most prone to failures. To eliminate breaks in the insulation of anchors in operation, a new design of pressure washers and an improved technology for impregnating anchors of commercially produced traction electric motors of locomotives are proposed. The proposed design solutions can be used both when creating new TED designs for promising locomotives and when upgrading serial designs. Thus, the application of the proposed design and technological solutions will increase the reliability of the diesel locomotives.

The article is devoted to the development of a methodology for monitoring the alignment and radial runout of the inner cylindrical seating surfaces of locomotive motor-axle bearings. The main reasons for the wear of the working surfaces of the bearings and the consequences of the influence of the clearances in the interfaces of the plain bearings and the axles of the wheelsets on the increase in the intensity of wear of the parts and the deterioration of the dynamic characteristics of the running gear of the locomotive are listed. The paper presents a basic diagram of the basing and control of deviations from alignment and radial runout of the inner cylindrical surfaces of bearings, describes the design and principle of operation of a special control device for measuring these deviations. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the feasibility of monitoring deviations from the shape and location of surfaces during the repair of motor-axial bearings. The paper describes the sequence of steps for measuring the alignment and radial runout of bearings and the interpretation of the measurement results. The features of the design of the control device are considered, the advantages of its use are listed in comparison with the existing analogues of the devices used to control the alignment of the holes of the body parts located on the same axis. At the same time, it was found that the control of alignment and radial runout must be carried out in order to assess the possible degree of misalignment of the traction motor frame and the axle of the wheelset of the locomotive after repair. Thus, the conclusions obtained confirm the need to tighten quality control of the restoration of locomotive motor-axle bearings by introducing into the production process the operations to control the alignment and radial runout of motor-axle necks and motor-axle bearing liners made of lead bronze, tin or lead-tin babbits.

Single-phase transformer with an additional tap at the middle point of the secondary winding is a very common element in the various electrical circuits, including on-board electric rolling stock. A typical case is powered from the transformer zero full-wave rectification circuit. The aim of the article is to provide a detailed description of the computer model developed by the author of said transformer, built on the basis of a combination of circuit and operational design principles. The proposed model can also be used to describe the process in a single-phase two-winding transformer without additional tap, given the possible connection group I / I-6 or I / I-0. Connection groups can be considered individually for each half of the secondary winding in case of using of additional tap. Shows an example of embedding the transformer model in a more complex computer model of the electric traction DC motors excitation current stabilization system, which includes a computer model of a saturable reactor, thyristor rectifier, system of pulse-phase rectifier control and control loop with a proportional-integral current regulator and boost nonlinearity. Obtained during the simulation graphics excitation current in the field winding of collector traction motor and its reactive component show that the above system of stabilization of the current and its computer model of functional and successfully fulfill their functions: at the downturn of the armature current excitation current is maintained by the growth of the current make-up of excitation control rectifier. The correct operation and ease of use of the developed computer model of a single-phase transformer with an additional tap at the middle point of the secondary winding is stated.

The article deals with the issue of improving the energy efficiency of DC and AC electric locomotives operated at the enterprises of JSC “Russian Railways». The main goals and objectives of the development program and energy strategy of JSC «Russian Railways» are analyzed and briefly considered. In accordance with these tasks, the relevance of scientific research in the field of improving the energy efficiency of electric locomotives is substantiated. The current data on traction rolling stock, on modern traction resource management systems and on Russian and foreign scientific research in the field of energy efficiency are analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that most of the studies are aimed at studying the influence of key operational factors on energy efficiency indicators, so, in this case, on the specific power consumption for train traction. However, the reverse question has been poorly studied - the selection of the train mass and the technical speed on the basis of a preliminary assessment of the specific power consumption for train traction by analyzing the statistical data of trips on a certain section of the railway. The purpose of this study is to assess the possibility and develop a method for determining the optimal values of the key parameters of the operation of electric freight locomotives in order to achieve maximum operational efficiency in relation to them according to the criterion of energy efficiency. Two models were created in the program «Complex of calculations of traction power supply» (CORTES) - for DC and AC electric locomotives, describing the dependence of the energy efficiency indicator (specific power consumption for train traction) on operational indicators, such as the train mass and the technical speed. The initial data for further modeling were obtained by modeling trips on a conditional site.

The problems of optimization of organization of maintenance and repair of locomotives. The article presents new approaches for calculating the norms of spare parts and materials. Models of vehicle systems consisting of a fleet of operated locomotives are given, taking into account all conditions.

Is executed the analysis of the special features of the territorially distributed objects of rail transport for developing the systems of video surveillance and video registration. Is proposed the three-stage design procedure of such systems, at basis of which lies the separation of entire system into the zones of video surveillance, zones of video registration and the information clusters, which ensure the optimization of system on the criterion of minimum expenditures.

The article discusses a problem of the efficiency of the regenerative braking’s increase on the DC railway section. For the detection of the causes of the decrease of the specific regeneration’s level on the area an algorithm is offered, which enables to determine the causes of the decrease of the specific regeneration’s level on the arbitrary monitoring’s area in view of the determination of the locomotive’s capacity for work, work parameters of the electric traction system and the executed graphic time-table. In the article the main phases of the algorithm’s work were considered by the example of the one of the railway sections.

The article contains the main provisions of the methodology for determining the indicators of electric locomotives energy efficiency. The results of indicators calculations for electric locomotives of series 3ES5K, EP2K and 2ES6 are presented with reference to the current sections of railways. The proposed approach can be used to establish the level of energy efficiency of various series of electric rolling stock and their objective comparison when operating at different sites with trains of various masses with the aim of further creating an automated system for optimizing the use of traction resources of JSCo Russian Railways.

The necessity of searching for new methods to improve the dynamic rationalized properties of the traction drive, which does not create contradictions between the conclusions based on the results of numerical parametric analysis and the results of the analysis of nonparametric factors, is established. A modified base point method is proposed that takes into account the possible presence of areas of conservatism of a rational parameter and provides for a procedure for checking for conservatism. The search results using this method for a rational version of a traction drive with a support-frame suspension of an electric motor and a gear reducer coincide with the empirical choice of different manufacturers of locomotives.

In the paper the device for reactive power compensation for the electric locomotives based on passive adjustable compensator was described. This configuration of the compensator improve the power factor of the electric locomotive in all operational modes and raise value of the power factor to its maximum possible value. The management of the compensator unit is based on the extremum seeking control autonomous voltage inverter. Mathematical modeling of electric locomotive showed increase the power factor to a value of 0,98.

This article is about technical and economic indicators of the operation of freight locomotives at the ranges of Russian Railways. The most attention is paid to such indicators as train mass, fuel consumption, technical and district speed. There is an analysis of technical and economic indicators during the period from 2010 till 2019. Based on the analysis of technical and economic indicators in the real mode of operation of freight diesel locomotives it's presented calculation of dimensionless train mass coefficients, fuel efficient use, district and technical speeds. The presented calculation fully characterizes as well using degree of technical and economic characteristics of diesel locomotives in of power and time as the effectiveness of system organization in their operation. To know the operating modes of diesel-generator sets of diesel locomotives in train work is source material for the analysis of technical characteristics of locomotive power equipment and making recommendations on their optimization in relation to operating conditions

At this time the traction electric motor (TEM) is one of the most important elements of the design of rolling stock, since the safety and stability of the transportation process on the railway network of JSC "Russian Railways" depends on its uninterrupted operation. This article is given a detailed analysis of the TEM failures of diesel locomotives of the 2,3TE10 v / series and the assigned fleet of the Novaya Chara locomotive depot of the East Siberian Traction Directorate. The section of circulation of diesel locomotives from Taksimo station to Hani station is one of the most difficult not only in the borders The East Siberian Railway, but also the entire railway network of the country. The analysis of the statistics of the reasons for the failures of the TEM of locomotives of the Novaya Chara locomotive depot for 2006 - 2012 showed that there is a rather extreme operation mode and that most of the failures are due to the breakdown of the insulation of the anchor winding of the TEM. During a research trip to the diesel locomotive maintenance site, a team of IRGUPSA scientists conducted full-scale measurements speed of movement, driving mode of the train, heating temperature of the TEM, taken into account the climate factors - ambient temperature, relative humidity, pressure and others. After studying the available information, it was proposed to additionally coat the insulation with FL-98 varnish in order to maintain and restore its properties in the conditions of the Winter locomotive depot during TR-3. IRGUPS has been working for a long time to study the process of drying insulation using infrared radiation (IR). The effectiveness of this method has been proven by numerous experimental studies. Several PhD theses have already been defended in various dissertation councils on this topic. This article presents also the statistics of failures of operated TEM already with additional varnish-impregnated insulation of open frontal parts after the implementation of measures based on the results of the work of the IRGUPS group of scientists. It is established that the method of applying the compound to the insulation of the frontal part of the windings of electric machines and encapsulating it with the help of IR radiation energy is effective in combating TEM failures due to insulation breakdown.

The article provides a brief theoretical analysis of railway vehicle with nonlinear elastic elements. Considered distinctive features of spring suspension electric locomotives of the old and the new generations. On the basis of differences of a calculation scheme and derived a mathematical model of vertical dynamics of conditional «uniaxial» electric locomotive of new generation allows to estimate the critical speed train crew and indicators of its dynamic qualities.

Is executed the analysis of the special features of the process of the optimization of the complex systems of video surveillance and video registration in the territorially distributed objects of rail transport. Is proposed the procedure of setting optimization problem during the local level for the group of adjacent clusters into supers-clusters and the step-by-step optimization of entire system at the global level. The procedure of two-level optimization and the association of the adjacent information clusters of system into the supers-cluster make it possible to combine the methods of linear and dynamic programming for the optimization of the complex branched systems on the criterion of minimum expenditures.