Search results

The analysis of the influence of the organization of the formation of United freight trains on the throughput capacity of railway sections has been carried out. The results of electrical calculations of the 3.0 kV dc power supply system of 3 sections of the Sverdlovsk and South Ural railways are presented when controlling the speed of trains from 50 km / h to 100 km / h with various locomotives while passing two single and one connected cargo trains using the system of contactless automatic voltage regulation in the contact network, allowing to assess the throughput capacity of the three sections. In the course of the calculations, the developed refinement method was applied using the correction current factors KIxx and KIst. Proved the need for their use in electrical calculations.

There is a trouble that electrical energy of trains which have a recuperative braking uses partly for DC railway, because there are not different consumers of the electrical energy in this time. The method was offered, it allows to find optimal parameters of a stationary energy storage, which locates on a traction substation. This method can be used for designing and determination efficiency of an energy storage.

The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical aspects of the application of optical technologies for non-contact measurements of geometric parameters of a wagon wheelset during operation and repair. The purpose of the study is to develop methods and technologies for monitoring geometric parameters of car parts using an optical linear scanner, as well as a method for processing the results of field tests of the results of the application of optical control technologies. The article analyzes the problems of application of standardized methods of technical condition monitoring using manual measuring and control tools in the context of the adopted technology of maintenance and operation of freight cars. As a result of the study, a review of the state of the issue of the use of optical control techniques on the railway was carried out, the strengths and weaknesses of various options for the implementation of measurement techniques were identified and a methodology and a computer program for automating the creation of a digital standard of the object under study (the profile of the longitudinal section of the rolling surface of the wheelset) were developed. Using a digital two-dimensional image of the shadow pattern of the wheel profile, the coordinates of the points of the contour line of the section of the volumetric wheel in the area of the rolling surface are calculated. To determine the coordinates of the envelope of the section, a step function is used, as close as possible to the chiaroscuro image of the wheel contour. After image processing, the result is output by the program in the form of a table with the calculated coordinates of the profile section and visualized using the wheel profile synthesized by coordinates in the program window. The accuracy of the technique used depends on the resolution of the image obtained by the linear scanner. The methodology and program can be used in the future for field tests of the designed equipment for dimensional control of car parts.

There is the way for increasing efficiency of recuperative braking, using an energy storage device on electrical locomotives of DC railway. This device must store a part of recuperative energy. In the article the approach was considered, which allows to find parameters of an energy storage device, this device must be placed on electrical locomotives of DC railway, a part of recuperative energy can be returned to electrical network.

The article is devoted to improving the methodology for diagnosing the technical condition of an asynchronous traction electric motor of type 1TV2822, a cargo mainline electric locomotive of the 2ES10 "Granit" series. To diagnose the inter-turn isolation of the stator windings, a structural model of a closed asynchronous traction motor system of type 1TV2822 is proposed. The results of modeling the operational mode and emergency mode of operation of a traction electric motor are presented, using digital processing of current waveforms in the stator winding, logarithmic spectrograms of the stator current are obtained, graphs of the pseudo spectrum of the power of the logarithmic spectral component of the stator current as operable, and an emergency traction asynchronous electric motor of type 1TV2822 with an inter-turn circuit in the stator winding.Based on the analysis of the power pseudo spectrum graph performed using digital processing of the current curve waveform in the MATLAB program package, the logarithmic powers of the current spectrum in the stator winding are presented, which serve to build an on-board adaptive system for diagnostics of asynchronous traction electric motors of the type 1TV2822 of the electric locomotive 2ES10 «Granite».

The article provides for the design features of pantographs of an electric drive train, a system of movable frames, which are made in the form of two articulated rod-type levers. Single-lever pantographs are distinguished by improved mass-dimensional indicators, which allows them to be used in the cramped conditions of the roof space of two-system electric locomotives. This requires high mechanical characteristics, as well as the need to use structural materials of increased strength, precision processing methods and high precision during assembly. It becomes especially important to control the transverse and advanced cruelty of the moving frame system during research, periodic and qualification tests, as well as during operation. The article describes a methodology that allows conducting research with a high degree of labor intensity, increasing the speed of measurements, and reducing the influence of the human factor.

The article presents the main requirements for the development of traction motors commutation control digital device and the results of the development and testing of this device on the test bench. Justified the expediency of application of the input highpass filter when the power of the testing traction engine from the thyristor converter. Presented the technique of processing the diagnostic signal from bipolar brushes to filter out noise of different physical nature.

In article stages developments of power plants autonomous locomotives from the steam-engine to gas-turbine engines and engines on fuel elements are considered

The article deals with the organization of operation when using cryogenic technologies for gas locomotives and isothermal cars (IV). The structure of transportation of perishable goods (SPG) by types of rolling stock and types of cargo and the peculiarities of transportation of frozen fish from the Far East to the central regions of the country is presented. On the example of their consideration, a new structure of the type of isothermal rolling stock (IPS) is proposed, including various types of single isothermal cars, large-capacity refrigerated containers and swap bodies. It is proposed to use the block-modular principle of forming energy refrigeration equipment for promising autonomous refrigerated cars (ARC). A review of promising ARC models developed by UralVagonZavod and Altayvagon, ready for serial production, has been carried out. The factors that should be taken into account when creating an innovative isothermal rolling stock are formulated. Variants of using cryogenic technologies for an autonomous refrigerator car and single insulated cars are considered. Based on the results of previously conducted operational tests of autonomous liquid nitrogen cars, the main their advantages and possible areas of use are given. The technology and technical solutions for improving the design of the cooling system of the cargo space for thermos cars cooled with liquid nitrogen have been substantiated. The calculated characteristics of the consumption of liquid nitrogen during the transportation of frozen goods are presented. The advantages of using environmentally friendly liquid nitrogen cooling systems are analyzed and the areas of using cryogenic technologies for isothermal rolling stock are formalized. Uncertainty and spontaneity of the perishable goods transportation market, along with the absence of a large customer, poses a difficult task for car builders to organize serial production of isothermal rolling stock with small production volumes and various technical characteristics. Therefore, when creating isothermal and refrigerator cars, it is advisable to focus on a single universal car kit based on an isothermal body with the possibility of transforming it by using various options for energy refrigeration equipment and chassis.

The article presents the results of modeling the force fields in the elements of the wheel-motor unit of the electric locomotive 2ES10. The mathematical model is obtained on the basis of the Lagrange equations of the ΙΙ kind. A design scheme for the study of the dynamic behavior of the wheel-motor unit is presented. Expressions for the deflection of the elastic elements of the traction motor suspension, elastic and dissipative forces are given. A method for determining the vector force field at the articulation site of the bracket and thrust suspension TEM is proposed.

Work collector-brush assembly largely affects the operational reliability of the DC traction motors. The article presents results of the simulation of contact interaction «brush-collector» in the 2ES6 electric locomotive traction motors. Reviewed influence of the design features of the brush holder, conditions and modes of operation on the quality of switching traction motors. On the basis of theoretical and experimental studies offered recommendations to improve the quality of contact «brush-collector» and to ensure the operational reliability of the traction motors.

Each of the proposed circuits is composed of inverters. These devices are sources of non-sinusoidal voltage, whose frequency can vary within a wide load range of the test engine. Therefore, to measure the power in such conditions requires either the use of special complex of hardware-software complexes to perform the direct measurement or the development of indirect methods for determining capacity. Such methods proposed for each of the schemes. The essence of the developed methods consists in a preliminary experimental determination of the dependency of the losses in the rectifiers and rectifier-inverters circuits from the power supplied to him. These dependencies are further processed during the test, using only the General-industrial electric meters that measure power consumed by the frequency Converter, and the power consumed (generated) asynchronous motors is determined by the indirect (calculated) by. On the other hand, pre-experimentally received dependence of losses in frequency converters from power consumption trolled (generated) asynchronous motor energy, you can calculate the power consumed by the frequency Converter from the network in a wide range of loads that can be used in the design of testing stations for asynchronous traction motors.

The article describes themain types ofdamageinsulatorscontact network, presents statisticsfortheirfailures. Identified weaknessesin existing methodsof diagnosingsayabout the relevance ofthe problem, especially in the areasof railwaysDC. Made experimental investigationson the measurementof the electrostaticfield on theinsulator strings. Analysis of the studiesshowed that the presencein the string of faultyinsulatorsleadsto an increase inthe electrostatic fieldaround them. Proposed a technicaldevice noncontact measurementof electrostatic fieldandmethod of determining thefaultyinsulatorin the string.

The new method of parametrical identification of three winding transformer by using phase domain is proposed. Transformer model represents as lattice equivalent circuit.

The article is devoted to the definition of rational overhaul runs equipment of locomotives. This has an impact not only on the reliability of the rolling stock, but also on safety. As a method chosen for the implementation of this task, the functions of the failure rate are used, with the subsequent construction of the functions of resource distribution and determining 90 % of the resource of the equipment of electric locomotives. The proposed technique allows you to determine the rational timing of maintenance and repair of locomotives in the specific conditions of their operation. The calculations are based on information about changes in the technical condition of the wheel-motor block of VL10 electric locomotives.

In this article outlined some results of dynamic tests of the gondola with biaxial bogies ZK1 type. Done the comparative calculations for the study the influence of carriages to the main dynamic performances.

In general, improvement of methods for electrical calculations aimed at increasing the accuracy of the results. One of the ways to improve the methods of calculation is the account in the calculation of the various factors that affect the accuracy of calculation of the traction power system parameters. This article describes an approach aimed at improving the method of calculation in the electrical part to improve the accuracy by changing the algorithm for calculating and accounting for a number of additional factors.

With the purpose of providing capacity on the West-Siberian railway, in recent times, adjustable reactive power compensation devices have been introduced. The schematic construction and parameters of such devices on the market are significantly different. In connection with this, it is necessary to choose from the set of schemes the most effective, corresponding to specific technical and economic conditions. The article assesses the power losses in the main equipment of two devices from different manufacturers, namely static thyristor compensators of reactive power produced by "KER Holding" Kazan and "Aidis groups" Moscow, installed on the Alambay and Novaya Dubrava sectional posts of the West Siberian Iron roads. The power losses in the equipment are calculated taking into account additional losses from the influence of higher harmonic components. The analysis of the circuit design of both devices in terms of loss reduction is carried out. Dependences of power losses in their elements on the generated reactive power and the current of the thyristor-reactor group are constructed. Probabilistic functions of the distribution of the current of the titrator-reactor groups of devices are given at preset settings. The results of measurements of power consumption of devices for own needs are presented. The effect of reducing power losses in the traction network from switching devices with losses in their main equipment is compared. On the basis of the work done, the elements with the greatest losses are identified. The features of each device, affecting the power loss in the main equipment, are described. Conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of the schemes under consideration. Methods for reducing power losses in basic equipment and consumption for energy consumption are proposed.

The article discusses the question of the innovation freight cars implementation in the context of their influence on forming and optimization of the locomotive park efficiency use indicators. Presents the main criteria of the innovation freight cars providing significant technical and economic effect for the traction rolling stock. Allocated the key factors influencing forming the criterion change functions of the cargo locomotives indicators of use efficiency. On the basis of the structured influence factors analysis can be developed the applied strategies of the locomotive park operational efficiency use.

The article shows that the replacement of concrete poles should be based on their actual corrosion state. Authors propose a new method for determining the corrosion state of the contact system concrete poles underground part, which allows to carry out measurements on the two poles at the same time. In this case, second pole acts as a current electrode. There is a formulas for determining the resistance of concrete, resistance and capacity of «steel - concrete» interface region. This algebraical expressions are results of the transient process analysis for the contact system poles equivalent circuit. The values of these parameters define the corrosion state pole in the underground part. Using of the proposed method will significantly reduce the time and labor costs of diagnostic procedures.

The article shows the relevance of applying the method of mutual test load of asynchronous traction motors of railway rolling stock. On the basis of the recommendations of existing standards in testing of asynchronous motors is made up of a sequence of acceptance testing of asynchronous traction motors provided in the form of an algorithm. In line with the scheme proposed for testing procedures on the use of the basic equipment of the circuit. The analysis of the main types of tests, the comparison of the classical means for testing the functionality of the inverters eliminated the need for additional DC sources in determining the resistance of the stator windings, additional brake and step-down transformers during short circuit and experience to carry out simultaneous testing of two induction motors increased speed at the stand of mutual load.

The contact line is a special kind of power overhead line with multiple electrical connections of wires, which form a complex topology of the linear electrical circuit. Analytical models simplify the real topology of the contact line and it limits their functional application. It is possible to take into account the topology of contact line when using tools of computer simulation, but it entails complicating the computational algorithms of the model. The aim of this article is to determine the conditions for the application of current distribution models and the development prospects in this area. The article describes the existing models for calculating the current distribution in DC contact line: a model of natural current distribution, linear analytical models, model with an infinite number of droppers, a model with a direct application of Kirchhoff's circuit laws in matrix form, and a finite element model. The article contains the main provisions and calculation capabilities of each model. Contact line KS-250-3 acts as a calculation catenary for the comparison of current distribution models. You can use the results of the article to select the optimal design distribution model for the design of the contact line, thermal analysis, current-carrying capacity calculation, identification and elimination of «weak point».

The article proposes an approach to improve the efficiency of using the automatic train guidance system based on instantaneous traction calculations using the actual movement parameters according to current measurements of on-board systems of electric locomotives. A critical analysis of scientific research on the improvement of auto-guidance systems for freight mainline electric locomotives based on modern technologies and machine learning algorithms, neural networks has been carried out. As a rule, all existing approaches to determining the optimal train driving modes are based on the application of traction calculation rules with the empirical setting of movement resistances and other factors without taking into account the real influence of the external environment. The results of comparison of traction calculations in the section of the West Siberian test site according to the current rules and in the KORTES program with the actual data of the on-board measurement systems of the 2ES6 series electric locomotive are presented. Based on the data deciphered from the recorders of motion parameters of electric locomotives of the 2ES6 series, the laws of control of the excitation current at rheostatic and running positions in the traction mode are investigated. The possibility of using the measured data of the on-board systems of electric locomotives to determine the parameters of the train, including the torque of the traction motors, the traction force of the electric locomotive sections, the actual total resistance to movement, inertial properties, etc., is substantiated. The calculation of these parameters for the traction mode is performed. The concept of equivalent mass is introduced and expressions are presented for determining the parameters of a train based on the equation of motion in the form of small increments of measured and calculated data. The obtained results of determining the parameters of the train based on instantaneous traction calculations and data of current measurements of the on-board systems of electric locomotives showed statistical stability and can be used in real time for automatic train guidance systems, providing an increase in the accuracy of determining control actions, taking into account the actual influence of the external environment and increasing the efficiency of using the automatic guidance system for freight trains. locomotives in general.

The article presents the results of the study of the influence of deviations of certain design parameters of bogie from established normative values on a relative offset from the crests of wheel pair in mezhdurelsovom space of railway transport. Such deviations occur in the process of the gradual wear of moving parts in real-world conditions of rolling stock and lead to a change of kinematic parameters of bogie. An analysis of dependence of lateral displacement relative to the wheelset of railway track from the difference between the diameters of the tapered surfaces of wheelset, skating from lack of alignment of wheelsets and difference coefficients rigidity of springs of bogie. The proposed mathematical model allows to not only diagnose technical condition of wagon bogies during their movements on the straight section of railway track, but also forecast the rolling stock maintenance dates the whole on the basis of position measurements of wheel pairs regarding railway track.

As a result of tension increase and significantly loads on the overhead contact lines, there is need to research the tensile stress value for contact and messenger wires. In this paper, the author reviewed the wires operation conditions concerning the thermo-mechanical load. The author has analyzed the results of contact wires low-temperature creep tests. The real rate of contact wires creep is as appropriate as the standard values. At the same time, copper wire elongation is faster than bronze. The author has provided results about contact and messenger wires ultimate tensile stress tests, heated at different temperatures. The ultimate tensile stress rate for the copper and bronze contact wires is reducing by 9 % with temperatures increasing. The ultimate tensile stress rate for the cop-per messenger wires is reducing by 11 %, for the bronze wires - by 4 %, with rising temperatures to 150 °С. Test results have shown that heating of copper wires to temperatures above 90 °С and bronze wires to temperatures above 120 °С leads to a significant immediate reduction of strength. Working conditions for the overhead contact lines wires are close to the critical one. It is not sufficient for reliable and safe operation Author offers to modify regulatory requirements for contact and mes-senger wires concerning permissible heating and also not to divide short-term and long-term heat-ing and only to leave permissible heating.