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The article presents the results of research of a point magneto-induction sensor based on a mathematical model, which allows you to increase the reliability of automated systems for diagnosing technical condition rolling stock in the course of train movement by improvement the accuracy of the initial information, that is, the moments of fixation passing of wheelset axles over magneto-induction sensors. At the first stage of developing a stigmatic mathematical model the analytical dependence of the value of the magnetic flux in the magnetic core and the output EMF value on resistance of the air gap between the sensor and the wheel crest. At the second stage of development of the mathematical model found time dependence of the magnetic resistance of the air gap between the core of the magneto-induction sensor and the comb wheels of a railway car moving along a straight track at a constant speed. On the basis of application the developed stigmatic model allows evaluating the energy parameters of magneto-induction sensors depending on the properties of modern magnetic materials. The simulation results showed that the MMF value is constant the magnet determines the main parameters of magneto-induction sensors, so the use of modern magnets based on rare earth they allow to eliminate the traditional disadvantage of outdated types of magneto-induction sensors, that is, to reduce their size and weight. The application of the proposed stigmatic model expands the scope of possible solutions to extreme problems for selection and justification parameters of magneto-induction sensors, helps to improve the accuracy of systems for diagnosing the technical condition of the car fleet and traffic safety on railway transport.

The article presents the results of measurements of electricity on active and passive sectioning posts the traction power supply system direct current sections of railways with III and IV path profile type. Basic characteristics of operating modes sectioning posts for the purpose of assessing the amount of electricity transferred and duration of work electricity storage in different modes are considered. The most observed voltage values, volumes of transmitted energy and duration of each case are defined. Choice of theoretical distribution laws, allowing to use the experimental values obtained in further calculations in modeling of operating modes electricity storage is completed.

The calculation of the forecast demand for electric energy by energy systems and complexes of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is an urgent task. The use of deterministic methods for objects of a similar scale is practically excluded due to the absence or significant incompleteness of the source data. Statistical data available in official sources in an unchanged format is usually presented for a period of 3 - 5 years, which is insufficient for the use of artificial neural networks. The article attempts to study the properties of similar energy systems and complexes. Modern power systems and complexes belong to closed subsystems, the set of elements and connections of which is equivalent to the set of elements of local subsystems of a higher level energy system. This means the inadmissibility of drawing up predictive rules of functioning without taking into account heterogeneous external influences. The system and subsystems are presented as a "black box". Interactions between the system and the external environment and within the system are carried out by the transmission of signals, which are described by a finite set of factors available for analysis and forecasting. The analysis of the possibility of supplementing the general population with statistical data on other objects with a similar structure is carried out. The property of heteromorphism of energy systems and complexes is confirmed. The example of energy systems in the regions of the Russian Federation shows the possibility of a similar approach if non-collinear groups of factors are applied to the analysis. The results of 15 calculations of the most energy-intensive entities of the country are presented, in 28 % of cases the accuracy of forecasted power consumption accuracy is less than 5 %. A further increase in the accuracy of the forecast should develop in the direction of increasing the number of input factors, subject to the condition of the absence of their collinearity and multicollinearity. It is shown that energy systems and complexes of various scales can be described by non-Gaussian stable distributions with infinite dispersion of non-Gaussian distributions, which makes incorrect the use of such methods as the simple extrapolation method, as well as statistical methods based on the assumption that the random distribution law is normal.

The article deals with the application and use of heat pump installations as a low-potential source of heat energy to provide consumers with heat energy in the building heating system. Today, one of the most environmentally friendly and economical alternative sources of thermal energy is a heat pump unit. The use of these devices will reduce COemissions. The main advantages and disadvantages that appear during the operation of heat pumps are listed. Based on the results of tests of boilers using organic fuels (coal, fuel oil, natural gas)and low-potential heat sources with an electric drive, the dependences of the heat transformation coefficient of the heat pump and the efficiency of boilers operating on organic fuels on the cost of conventional fuel per unit of released energy are constructed. The coefficient of heat transformation of heat pump installations in the range of changes in operating parameters 3,0 < µ < 5,0 is determined. A graph of the dependence of the energy conversion coefficient on the temperature of the heat carrier in the heating system and the ambient temperature is constructed. A schematic diagram of the connection of a heat pump installation to the building heating system is proposed. Studies were conducted in the period from April 1 to April 21, 2021 in the laboratory auditorium of the educational building of OmGUPSa and the readings of the main parameters of the operation of the heat pump unit with the Vitocal 242-S heat pump were recorded. Based on the results of the main parameters, the following are calculated: the thermal load on the room heating system; the temperature of the coolant in the supply pipeline; the amount of electricity consumed by the heat pump; the conversion coefficient of the COР. The optimal values for this heat pump unit under the specified operating modes are estimated.

In the article the questions of increase of efficiency of structural subdivisions, members of the directorates of the West Siberian railway - branch of JSC "Russian Railways", such as infrastructure Directorate, Directorate railcar rolling stock and the Directorate of buildings and structures. The aim of this work is to identify structural units with the lowest energy efficiency indicators. This requires estimation of an indicator such as relative energy efficiency over a period of time equal to one calendar year, based on data of annual consumption of electric energy and annual volume of enterprise work. The article also outlines the main provisions of the concept analysis and monitoring the energy efficiency indicators of stationary objects of the railway transport, which will identify inefficient structural subdivisions with the use of control actions to reduce irrational consumption of energy resources. Calculation of the relative energy efficiency is one of the stages of this concept. The result is a received charts of the relative energy efficiency of structural subdivisions of the West Siberian railway which allows to make a comparison of this indicator. According to the results of comparison found that 10 of the 65 structural units have a low indicator of relative energy efficiency. This suggests the need for careful study the reasons of the low values of energy efficiency in these structural subdivisions and proposals the measures to eliminate this situation. The method and sequence of these activities proposes into the third and fourth stages of the concept. The establishment and subsequent application of a unified approach to the analysis and monitoring of energy efficiency indicators for all departments will increase the energy efficiency of the territorial branches of JSC "Russian Railways" and the holding company as whole.

Currently in Russia there is an active development of industry, which requires a large amount of energy resources. At the same time, there are several obstacles in the way of providing all consumers with the required volume and, most importantly, the quality of energy. First of all, this is due to the technical condition of the equipment of both consumers and energy producers and the absence of programs for the implementation of measures aimed at increasing energy efficiency. Today, a full-fledged assessment of the energy efficiency of the production of many enterprises is difficult due to the lack of a single physical and mathematical apparatus and a universal criterial assessment of the energy efficiency of enterprises. This leads to the fact that a correct assessment of energy efficiency indicators and energy saving potential is not fully possible. Most of the existing methods for assessing energy efficiency indicators are limited and allow assessing only one or several indicators, do not provide for linking all indicators into a single whole. In addition, there is no criterion for assessing energy efficiency that is uniform for all components of heat supply systems. A promising direction of modern research in the field of heat supply systems is the improvement of methods for assessing the energy efficiency of heat supply systems through the use of a physically and mathematically substantiated criterion for the energy efficiency of the heat supply system of industrial enterprises and the creation of unified methods and an algorithm for assessing the indicators of the energy efficiency of heat supply systems of various compositions and devices. Special attention is paid to assessing the reliability of the initial data. This assessment is possible using the correlation method. In practice, correlation and regression analysis is widely used to predict the consumption of heat energy. This approach can also be used when assessing the reliability of the initial data using the Chaddock scale. In the course of the research, methods of constructive and verification calculations, experimental and analytical research, the method of correlation analysis, and statistical research methods were used. As a result of the research, a unified, generalized methodology for assessing the indicators of the energy efficiency of the heat supply system of the enterprise has been developed. We created the algorithm given a comprehensive assessment of the energy efficiency of the heat supply system of an industrial enterprise and to assess the potential for energy saving.

When developing a set of organizational and technical energy saving measures, it is necessary to correctly assess the feasibility of using certain measures not only in terms of return on investment, but also based on the technological process of the enterprise. It is necessary to take into account not only the current parameters of the installed equipment, but also other, important factors: the degree of equipment utilization during the year, since this parameter in the equipment during the inter-heating period, as a rule, is significantly less than in the heating period. It should also take into account the prospects for the development of the enterprise. Many modern energy-saving technologies have a long payback period, and this is caused not so much by a small energy-saving effect as by the low popularity and low demand for these technologies, which leads to high purchase and maintenance costs. With the right choice and operation of equipment of this kind, an enterprise can significantly reduce the cost of its products and increase its competitiveness in the market. The article discusses the issues of approaches to assessing the potential of energy saving and the choice of priority areas for increasing the energy efficiency of heat supply systems of industrial enterprises. The described energy saving measures are applicable to the majority of existing heat supply systems and are the most common. The given procedures for assessing the technical and economic effect allow us to pre-evaluate the significance and feasibility of applying a particular event.

The article is devoted to the features of the implementation of the user interface of an automated information system for processing and analyzing data about the energy consumption of locomotives, ensuring its effective functioning in order to improve the control of fuel and energy resources consumption for train traction.