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In article the possibilities of decrease in energy consumption on draft at the movement of electric trains in the conditions of a flat profile of West Siberian Railway due to shutdown of traction section of an electric train and rational distribution of time of the course in all direction of the movement are considered. During the calculating and creation of schedules of the train for site is used an analytical method of the solution of the differential equation of the movement of the train. For the analysis of optimum schedules of the train at each stage of their modeling an inspection of calculations which allows to guarantee reliability of the received results is car-ried out. For definition of potential opportunities of decrease in energy consumption on draft at traffic control of an electric train the concrete trip of an electric train of ED4M along a route Omsk - Irtyshskaya is analysed. Settlement schedules of an electric train are provided in the considered trip, and also with shutdown of one traction section. Average is defined by standard means of system of computer modeling on the way the electric train speed, dispersion of speed on the way, energy consumption. The received size of energy consumption for draft with the disconnected traction section is much less than energy consumption on a real trip. Rational distribution of time of the course of the electric train in all direction of movement from a condition of preserving time of its arrival also allows to reduce an electric power expense on draft by the terminal station. Based on consumption data of the electric power in general possible economy of energy costs on draft due to application of the offered methods is determined by Omsk TCh-31 depot.

At this time, an urgent area of development in the field of railway transport is the reduction of operating costs for maintenance and repair of collector traction motors . The analysis of data from the monitoring of new rolling stock shows that one of the elements affecting the reliability during the operation of traction motors is the collector-brush unit. Failures associated with unsatisfactory operation of the collector-brush unit elements reach 30% of the total number for traction motors. At work of traction electric motors there is a continuous process of mechanical, electric and chemical interaction of electric brushes with a collector, leading to deterioration of electric brushes. During the research, the authors proposed a mathematical model to determine the intensity of wear of electric brushes. The paper provides information about developing an approach that allows using the operating data recorded by locomotive on-board parameter monitoring system to determine the service life of traction motor brushes. For elimination of the problem connected with processing of big arrays of parameter values for calculation, in mathematical model of intensity of wear of electric brushes it is offered to divide the received data into intervals with definition of average values and probability of approach for each of them, and also the technique on realization of the offered decision is resulted. The developed approach allows us to eliminate the need for long-term wear tests on traction motors in operation and reduce not only time, but also financial costs. The reliability of the developed method was assessed by comparing the wear values of different types of electric brushes installed on locomotive traction motors in operation with the calculated values.

The article is devoted to assessing the influence of diagnostic parameters for assessing the technical condition of the collector profile of rolling stock traction motors on the value of the mechanical force in the «brush-collector» contact. The results of the experimental studies of the parameters of the collector profile for traction motors EK810Ch of mainline electric locomotives 2ES6 are presented. Four-stage numerical experimental studies were carried out for the following conditions: the first stage - the height differences of the lamellas and harmonics were taken into account; the second stage - the height differences of the lamellas are taken into account without the influence of harmonics (with reduced beating); the third stage - harmonics are taken into account without the influence of differences in the heights of the lamellas (with reduced beating); the fourth stage - harmonics are taken into account without the influence of differences in the heights of the lamellas (with a multiplying factor up to a given beat). Using a mathematical model of brush movement along the collector, a degree of relationship was established between the diagnostic parameters that characterize the state of the traction motor collector profile, with the value of the mechanical force in the «brush - collector» contact. A diagnostic parameter is proposed that characterizes the spread of mechanical force values in the «brush - collector» contact of a traction motor, determined from the ratio of the force of elastic interaction of the brush with the collector and the average value of this force. An analysis of the results of the numerical experiment showed that the contact instability coefficient is largely determined by the value of the standard deviation of the lamella drops and, to a small extent, depends on the values of the harmonic amplitudes. The harmonic composition of the collector profile has practically no effect on the value of the contact instability coefficient at small values of the lamella drops. It is concluded that it is possible to use diagnostic parameters for assessing the state of the traction motor commutator surface to determine possible poor contact between the brush and the commutator. It is proposed to evaluate the quality of repair of collectors of traction motors taking into account the standard deviation of the differences of the lamella.

This article describes the standard field reduction system of traction electric motors of a contactor-resistors type using inductive shunts, its drawbacks are revealed. An improved field reduction system of traction electric motors of an AC locomotive based on IGBT transistors has been developed and proposed. The proposed solution will allow to exclude the copper-containing inductive shunt from the power circuit, while providing reliable protection in non-stationary operating modes of the electric locomotive, as well as reduce electricity consumption for train traction. To prove the advantages of the proposed the field reduction system of traction electric motors, a method of comparative analysis of electromagnetic processes of the mathematical model of the standard and proposed systems of the field reduction of traction electric motors of an electric locomotive obtained in the MatLab Simulink environment was applied. As a result, it is proved that the implementation of the field reduction systems of traction electric motors using IGBT transistors with the developed control algorithm provides an increase in the power factor of an electric locomotive on average by at least 4%, and also significantly reduces the ripple current of the traction electric motor.

The article proposes a method of calculation the load between the rolling bodies of the swinging bearings and the bearings of the traction motor, which makes it possible to have the value of the radial clearance in the bearing, as well as the radial movement of the inner rings relative to the outer one. To determine the load perceived by the most loaded rollers, a solution of the equilibrium equation for internal elements is proposed using simple iterations. The implementation of the method is implemented in the Matlab software package. Using the proposed method, the load distribution between the rollers in the traction motor of the VL11K electric locomotive was calculated. To determine the load acting on the bearing, the “Sarga-Subic” section was selected, which has a mountain profile.

The article describes the study of the mechanical characteristics of polymer insulation, in particular the hardness of the insulating lacquer layer with a different methods of drying it. The influence of the hardness and elasticity of the dried impregnating material on the reliability of the insulating structures during the operation of electrical equipment of the traction rolling stock is analyzed. A device has been created and presented that allows for a simple measurement of the hardness of the varnish film on a pre-selected object of study, which was the insulating finger of the bracket of the brush holder of an electric locomotive traction motor. The process of measuring hardness and results for three groups of insulating fingers are presented: insulating fingers without coating by an impregnating compound (press material); impregnating material, sealed by convective method; impregnating material baked by thermoradiation method. On the basis of the obtained practical results, the effect of the energy supply on the curing process when performing drying by the convective and thermoradiation methods is explained. Also presented are photographs of an electrically insulating lacquer layer from an electron microscope, which allow the microstructure to be evaluated for the presence of gas inclusions, which have a negative effect on both mechanical and electrical indicators of polymeric insulation. A study was made of the relationship between the parameter of electrical and mechanical strength. On the basis of experimental data, the dependence of the breakdown voltage on the hardness of the insulating lacquer layer was constructed.

The purpose of this work is to determine the causes of cracks in the frame of traction motors of electric locomotives. An analysis of the statistics of detecting cracks in the frame of NB-514 traction motors at the Eastern testing area is presented, showing that every third frame in operation has cracks. The method of mathematical modeling on a computer with the use of FEM was used. It is noted that carrying out measurements in the crack initiation zone by the tensometric method is practically impossible due to the geometry of the frame. The results of mathematical modeling of mechanical stresses arising in the frame of the NB-514 traction motor during its uneven heating to temperatures characteristic of the hourly mode of operation of the traction motor are considered. It is shown that mechanical stresses arising only due to the temperature difference between the ambient air and the windings of the main and additional poles of the traction motor can reach 100 MPa. Variants of changing the design of the ventilation windows of the frame are proposed to reduce the magnitude of temperature stresses with a constant area of the ventilation openings. When correcting the shape of the ventilation windows of the traction motor frame, these voltages can be reduced to 76 MPa. It was concluded that one of the main reasons for the formation of cracks in the frame of traction motors are cyclically repeating temperature stresses, which is especially important for electric locomotives operating on mountain pass sections in the pushing mode. It is noted that the appearance of mechanical stresses in the backbone of the traction motor also depends on vibrations arising from the path and operation of the gear train, as well as on the variable part of the magnetic field of the motor, which are not currently studied in detail.

The method of wheels and rails adhesion mode determination for locomotives based on Fisher statistical criteria is designed. Freight DC electric locomotive 2ES10 experimental trips on Sverdlovsk railway data processing results are presented.

Constantly conducted studies of the reliability of electric equipment of traction rolling stock have shown that the most vulnerable element is the insulation design of the windings of power equipment, especially traction motors. Existing methods and means of restoration and repair of insulating structures of windings of traction motors of modern electric locomotives, based on drying polymer insulation in convective high-power electric furnaces, are energy and time-consuming. This technology has not undergone significant changes for over 50 years. In order to extend the polymer insulation life of electric vehicles of traction rolling stock, an insulation drying technology using thermal radiation was proposed that reduces the cost of electricity for repairs and increases the drying speed by reducing heat loss. The article is devoted to the design of a new device for drying the insulation of the windings of the magnetic system of the skeleton of the backbone of the electric locomotive traction engine by a rotating thermal field. The analysis of works and conclusions based on the results of theoretical studies related to mathematical modeling is presented. As a method of mathematical modeling, the finite element method was used in the work. A simplified 3D model of the winding of the core magnetic system with infrared emitters was created. According to the results of finite element mathematical modeling, temperature fields of heating the polymer insulation of the windings of the core of the traction motor were obtained. Based on this calculation, the work selected the optimal design parameters of the proposed device that provide the minimum energy costs for various sizes of the skeleton of the traction engines. Based on the proposed device variant, an application for a patent for a utility model has been filed, and this prototype is being assembled on the basis of the Ulan-Ude locomotive and car repair plant, a branch of Zheldorremmash JSC. New directions for further research are also set.

The article analyzes the test schemes of induction traction motors by the mutual load method using DC generators as load machines and powered by a three-phase AC network with a frequency of 50 Hz. Features of functioning of each of the given schemes of mutual loading are considered. The disadvantages of these schemes are noted, due to the presence of excess equipment or the lack of short-circuit protection in the anchor circuit of the load generator and the complexity of its connection to the DC link. The scheme developed by the authors is proposed, devoid of the noted disadvantages of the known schemes and combining all their advantages, which is the simplest both in the power part and in controlling the process of connecting the armature winding to the DC link of a frequency Converter. A mathematical model of a test system consisting of an induction traction motor, a DC load generator and a two-link static frequency Converter is presented. The mathematical model of this test system is made up of parts corresponding to its individual elements. The presented mathematical model makes it possible to calculate the static and dynamic operating modes of the proposed scheme at the stage of development of an electrical complex for testing induction traction motors. Recommendations on the implementation of developments in the operation of induction traction motors in locomotive repair depots are given. The expediency of implementing the results of work in organizations-developers of test stations for induction traction motors is also noted.

System of preventive maintenance and maintenance of the operable condition of the traction rolling stock. The subject of a global study of failures of traction motors in the event of a breakdown on the territory of the service locomotive depot «Dalnevostochnoye» and «Primorskoye» for 2019. The purpose of the study is to determine the possible norms of overhaul runs for the considered node in order to achieve the optimal number of locomotive calls for unscheduled repairs. In the work, the correct law of distribution of traction motor (TED) failures, the determination of the Sturgess, Pearson coefficients and other methods of mathematical statistics and the theory of justification of systems. The article defines an element that limits the norms of overhaul runs of traction motors; the theoretical distribution of traction motor failures due to a decrease in the insulation resistance of its windings has been obtained. As part of the study, the optimization of the norms of overhaul runs was carried out according to the conditions for conducting maintenance regarding the traction motor. As a result of the analysis of the causes of failures, it was found that more cases of placing locomotives for unscheduled repairs occur in the first mileage interval of locomotives due to poor quality diagnostics at TR-1 upon measuring the resistance of the insulation windings. Most of the failures occurring in the first period of operation are not associated with a change in the reliability of the considered node. When considering two normal peaks of failures, falling on the operating time intervals 14-21 and 28-35, the necessity of optimizing the norms of overhaul runs is determined. When considering two normal peaks of failures, falling on the operating time intervals 14-21 and 28-35, the necessity of optimizing the norms of overhaul runs is determined. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the option of optimizing the norms of overhaul runs to adjust the norms of maintenance and repair periods within specific depots.

The analysis of the influence of operating modes and the development of the residual life, expressed through thermal wear of the insulation of the asynchronous traction motor. The research subject is to obtain new patterns of change in the residual life of the stator winding insulation, which make it possible to determine the specific life of the winding for each mode of the asynchronous traction motor. The research aim is to create a system for determining and assessing the residual life by developing methods and technical means of monitoring and comprehensive diagnostics, as well as theoretical justification using the method for determining additional thermal wear of the stator winding insulation, taking into account the combined effect of the starting transient process, the long-term allowable load schedule and the maximum allowable temperature values. To determine and assess the possible residual life, the method of sequential influence of starting transients, maximum permissible load curves, as well as long-term overloads at the maximum permissible temperature, taking place under various operating factors during the movement of electric rolling stock, was used. The expediency of determining the function of uneven resource development, which has a monotonic character and is approximated by a linear double exponential and exponential functions, is shown. Specific proportionality coefficients are experimentally determined, which characterize the decrease in the dielectric strength of the insulation with sequential alternation of maximum and long-term permissible loads and maximum permissible temperature values, followed by obtaining an analytical relationship that predetermines the insulation resource. It is shown that the determination and assessment of the residual resource under typical modes practically makes it possible to clarify the timing of preventive measures and predict the expected duration of accident-free operation and forestall the premature failure of the asynchronous traction motor.

Electricity consumption for traction depends on a number of operational parameters, including the use of power of electric rolling stock. On Russian Railways there are flat areas of great extent, which operated the locomotives inefficient use of power and work modes with low energy performance. The aim of this work is to examine ways to improve the energy efficiency of passenger locomotives, such as the operation of electric rolling stock with rational values of power and number of axes for the modern passenger transport on the flat sections of the road long-haul and assess their energy performance. To achieve this goal was determined by the rational value of the power required for driving trains on this stretch of track with maximum speeds of 160 km/h, the calculations of the asynchronous traction motors obtained traction and power characteristics of electric locomotives with asynchronous traction drive, and a proposed comparison methodology, allowing to evaluate the difference of power consumption for traction of electric locomotives with asynchronous traction drive (with rational values of power and number of axes) currently operating a DC electric locomotive EP2K. On the basis of the conducted research it was concluded that there are reserves for improvement of energy efficiency of passenger locomotives on the flat sections of the road long-haul, such as operation of electric rolling stock with rational values of power and number of axes corresponding to the train weight, speed and track profile, which will significantly reduce the cost of electricity for traction of trains.

The article is devoted to the problem of improving the DC motor winding armature insulation technical condition diagnosing quality with regard to its frequency properties by forming the equivalent circuit of the electric motor rolling stock armature winding, which allows to determine the frequency numerical values of the parameters,the results of experimental studies of the armature winding oscillatory characteristics as a single-terminal pair are given; and the dependences of the impedance, reactance and active impedance are established. The dependences between equivalent circuits elements numerical values and turn-to-turn location for further formation diagnostic model based on the results.

The results of infrared studies of the process of heating parts collector and brush assembly dc electrical machines. Proved diagnostic parameters for assessing the technical condition of the collector-brush assembly of electric motors: the ratio of changes in the elevation of temperature in time and space.

The aim of the work, the results of which are presented in this article, is to identify effective parameter of the heating process in the collector-brush unit of DC traction motor. The article suggests a detailed equivalent thermal equation of DC traction collector-brush unit. An experiment in a laboratory according to the theory of experimental design in the central rotatable terms of the second order are held, and the analysis of the results are presented. A method for processing the results of thermographic study of the machine is described. The regression equation, reflecting the degree of influence of the mode parameters of the machine on the intensity of the heating area of traction motor collector-brush unit, is compiled. The correct use of mathematical apparatus is confirmed by quantitative calculations Student's criteria assessing the significance of the coefficients of equations and F-Fisher criterion within the 5 % significance level. The results can be used to supplement the methods of DC traction motors and collector-brush unit technical condition diagnostics.

The article presents the main requirements for the development of traction motors commutation control digital device and the results of the development and testing of this device on the test bench. Justified the expediency of application of the input highpass filter when the power of the testing traction engine from the thyristor converter. Presented the technique of processing the diagnostic signal from bipolar brushes to filter out noise of different physical nature.

Each of the proposed circuits is composed of inverters. These devices are sources of non-sinusoidal voltage, whose frequency can vary within a wide load range of the test engine. Therefore, to measure the power in such conditions requires either the use of special complex of hardware-software complexes to perform the direct measurement or the development of indirect methods for determining capacity. Such methods proposed for each of the schemes. The essence of the developed methods consists in a preliminary experimental determination of the dependency of the losses in the rectifiers and rectifier-inverters circuits from the power supplied to him. These dependencies are further processed during the test, using only the General-industrial electric meters that measure power consumed by the frequency Converter, and the power consumed (generated) asynchronous motors is determined by the indirect (calculated) by. On the other hand, pre-experimentally received dependence of losses in frequency converters from power consumption trolled (generated) asynchronous motor energy, you can calculate the power consumed by the frequency Converter from the network in a wide range of loads that can be used in the design of testing stations for asynchronous traction motors.

The article develops the topical issue of choosing diagnostic parameters to assess the technical condition of the collector profile of traction electric motors of rolling stock. The results of experimental studies of the collector profile after repair and after carrying out acceptance tests for various traction electric motors of mainline locomotives: TL-2K1 (VL-10), EK810Ch (2ES6), ED133 (2TE116U) are presented. The relationship between the calculated parameters for assessing the reservoir profile using the mathematical apparatus of correlation analysis with a ranking on the Chaddock scale is revealed. A different degree of relationship has been established between the diagnostic parameters that characterize the state of the traction motor collector profile, while most of the known diagnostic parameters have a pronounced correlation with each other. A variety of diagnostic parameters are considered, which can be described by generalized parameters characterizing the reservoir profile. It is concluded that it is possible to use identical diagnostic parameters to assess the surface condition of the traction motor collector at various stages of repair and maintenance. On the basis of the studies carried out, diagnostic parameters have been identified that have diagnostic value and are not related to each other by correlations.

The article presents a universal energy-efficient stand for load testing of asynchronous traction motors, and DC motors. It is proposed to use two options of schemes for testing of traction DC motors with serial excitation and asynchronous motors, and traction motors DC parallel (independent) excitation and asynchronous motors, each of which allows you to implement energy-efficient test method - the method of mutual loading. Given the advantages of the use of the proposed stand. The calculation of the main parameters recorded during the test: currents, voltages and power are invited to perform with the help of mathematical models. Each of the mathematical models takes into account the work of the subjects of the asynchronous traction motors and traction motors DC series or parallel (independent) excitation) by the method of mutual loading: electrical and mechanical link. In conclusion, the article sets out the intended results from the implementation of energy-efficient universal stand for load testing of asynchronous traction motors, and DC motors.

The purpose of this article is to create mathematical models for a comprehensive assessment of the quality of repairs of collector-brush assembly drive motor vehicles, including an assessment of mechanical and switching components. The objectives of this study are to determine the linguistic variables based on the generated set of diagnostic features, including "beating of the working surface of the collector", "RMS heights collector lamellae", "amplitude of the first harmonic component of the profile of the collector", "the amplitude of the second harmonic component of the profile of the collector" "RMS heights collector slat excluding the first and second harmonic components", "minimum value of the second derivative of the profile of the collector function", "standard deviation of the second derivative of the profile of the reservoir function," "effective value of the higher harmonic components of the collector profile features" that have the greatest diagnostic value and determination of their membership functions, as well as the definition of the complex index of quality of repair and its components: complex index of quality of machining and integrated commutation quality index in the collector-brush unit of the traction motor. Solution of tasks performed using the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic through the use of statistical processing of the results of these pilot studies and the calculation of the diagnostic value of the measured and calculated parameters. As a result of the research formed the mathematical model of quality repair in the space of selected features using the apparatus of fuzzy logic for calculating the value of the proposed integrated indicators for arbitrary values of diagnostic parameters. The results may be used to control the quality of repairs of collector-brush assembly of traction motors of the rolling stock.

Traction electric machines (TEM) of locomotives operating at the Eastern circulation range have insufficient reliability, mainly in terms of insulation breakdown, being one of the most important problems in the operation of electric rolling stock. This article discusses the method of drying wetted insulation by mobile and stationary electric heaters, which are used in the process of repairing traction electric motors of locomotives and electric trains. The problem of operating these installations is their low energy efficiency. With a constant power supply, the heating elements and the fan of the electric heater remain on during the entire drying process of the insulation, which leads to significant energy consumption, and the drying process is recorded by conducting paper workflow, recording the technical condition of the TU-152 locomotive in the log. To eliminate these shortcomings, the authors propose the modernization of the electric heating installation by introducing into it a microprocessor-based system for automatic regulation of the drying process with cloud storage technology. The article presents a block diagram of the proposed automated system, which will implement the three-cycle amplitude-latitude-discontinuous method of energy supply proposed at the FGBOU VO "IrGUPS" in the process of drying the wet insulation of the TED. Currently, cloud storage technologies have found their application in companies of various kinds of activity, it is being actively improved due to the constant increase in the amount of information that needs to be stored or transferred, and in addition, the user can have access to it from anywhere in the world. In recent years, the world has noticeably increased interest in the application of this technology in railway transport. As part of the modernization of the installation, it becomes possible to remotely control its operation, as well as store and process the information received on the drying process of wetted insulation.

The aim of this article is an advancement of state estimation process of traction machines insulation. Diagnosis method brief analysis is given. The structure of traction machines insulation state automated full-service diagnosis system developing is offered, as well as the operation algorithm of the system. The algorithm of testing results estimation based on diagnosis characteristics group is given.

The article sets the task of determining the level of dynamic loading in the «trolley-leash-traction motor» subsystem to reduce the dynamic impact in the «locomotive-path» system. The model of vertical vibrations of traction rolling stock, obtained on the basis of the Lagrange equation of the second kind, in the form of a system of fourteen differential equations allows us to estimate the loading of locomotive units in operation, integrated using the MathCAD application package. The approximation of random disturbances using the spectral density of the path irregularity of Professor A. I. Belyaev is chosen as the spectral density of random disturbances. A more detailed design scheme of the crew has been compiled and in order to simplify the calculation within the engineering error, a single-mass discrete model of the path is used. Entering symmetric coordinates allows us to obtain from the original system of differential equations a simplified system with characteristic equations with simple roots, therefore, the natural oscillation frequencies of the bouncing of the body, trolley and wheelset will be determined with minimal error. The transfer function is determined by Kramer's formulas. With the help of a computer, the values are calculated and graphs of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of vertical movements, maximum accelerations of the body, trolley, traction motor and wheelset of the electric locomotive in question are constructed. A comparative analysis of the calculation results and empirical data is carried out. Based on a comparative analysis, it can be argued that the considered mathematical model of vibrations of the electric locomotive 2ES6 «Sinara» is adequate and allows determining the dynamic loading of the locomotive for the entire range of operating speeds. The task of changing the existing design of the suspension system of the traction electric motor of the electric locomotive in question and the mathematical analysis of the vibrations of its nodes in further research is set.

Single-phase transformer with an additional tap at the middle point of the secondary winding is a very common element in the various electrical circuits, including on-board electric rolling stock. A typical case is powered from the transformer zero full-wave rectification circuit. The aim of the article is to provide a detailed description of the computer model developed by the author of said transformer, built on the basis of a combination of circuit and operational design principles. The proposed model can also be used to describe the process in a single-phase two-winding transformer without additional tap, given the possible connection group I / I-6 or I / I-0. Connection groups can be considered individually for each half of the secondary winding in case of using of additional tap. Shows an example of embedding the transformer model in a more complex computer model of the electric traction DC motors excitation current stabilization system, which includes a computer model of a saturable reactor, thyristor rectifier, system of pulse-phase rectifier control and control loop with a proportional-integral current regulator and boost nonlinearity. Obtained during the simulation graphics excitation current in the field winding of collector traction motor and its reactive component show that the above system of stabilization of the current and its computer model of functional and successfully fulfill their functions: at the downturn of the armature current excitation current is maintained by the growth of the current make-up of excitation control rectifier. The correct operation and ease of use of the developed computer model of a single-phase transformer with an additional tap at the middle point of the secondary winding is stated.