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Electricity consumption for traction depends on a number of operational parameters, including the use of power of electric rolling stock. On Russian Railways there are flat areas of great extent, which operated the locomotives inefficient use of power and work modes with low energy performance. The aim of this work is to examine ways to improve the energy efficiency of passenger locomotives, such as the operation of electric rolling stock with rational values of power and number of axes for the modern passenger transport on the flat sections of the road long-haul and assess their energy performance. To achieve this goal was determined by the rational value of the power required for driving trains on this stretch of track with maximum speeds of 160 km/h, the calculations of the asynchronous traction motors obtained traction and power characteristics of electric locomotives with asynchronous traction drive, and a proposed comparison methodology, allowing to evaluate the difference of power consumption for traction of electric locomotives with asynchronous traction drive (with rational values of power and number of axes) currently operating a DC electric locomotive EP2K. On the basis of the conducted research it was concluded that there are reserves for improvement of energy efficiency of passenger locomotives on the flat sections of the road long-haul, such as operation of electric rolling stock with rational values of power and number of axes corresponding to the train weight, speed and track profile, which will significantly reduce the cost of electricity for traction of trains.

The article considers technical solutions to improve the quality of life support system in long-distance passenger trains (PVPDS), in particular in the water supply and ventilation systems, which ensure safe and comfortable passenger travel conditions. The quality of water in the coach is determined by the conditions of initial water filling at the intermediate stations, which can be adversely affected by the sanitary condition of the storage tank. Currently filters are installed in the ventilation system, efficiency of which is questionable in pandemic conditions. Scientific works and elaborations of native and foreign scientists, up-to-date concepts of organizing comfortable conditions in the PVPDS, as well as methodical and normative-reference materials on the given theme were used when writing the article. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed in the course of experimental research, the results of which were used in the implementation of the investment project "Clean Water" of JSC "Russian Railways". Technical solutions have been proposed to improve the quality of life support systems using ozonization technology. Their realization will allow the life support system to operate in the water purification and disinfection mode and sterilization the air environment in the PVPDS. The condition for the efficient use is the availability of compressed air for the ejector operation in the mode of supplying the ozone-air mixture required for water and air cleaning and disinfection in the car. Ozonization is performed separately in the automatic mode. The ozone method for solving the problems of life support in coach cars is a perspective direction consider its generality and, therefore, ability of using it on the infrastructure objects for disinfection and sterilization of premises, reserved volumes and production capacities.

During the operation of electric rolling stock current collectors, processes occur that lead to a decrease in the mechanical performance of current-carrying structures. Monitoring of the parameters of the operation of current collectors and the loads acting on them at present is difficult due to the fact that the electric potential between its elements and the body of the electric rolling stock corresponds to the operating voltage in the overhead contact line. The use of various methods of separating the data transmission medium and galvanic isolation of the sensor power supply is associated with some disadvantages, the main of which is the significant dimensions and mass of devices of this type. For research purposes, autonomous power supplies and information storage devices have been developed and used, which do not pretend to be used in the design of serial current collectors. The article describes a device designed to solve a variety of diagnostic tasks, using the principle of free energy utilization to power sensors, converters and a data transmission system to external media. Studies of the energy parameters of the electromagnetic field power selection modules and mechanical vibrations accompanying the operation of the current collector have been carried out. The main parameters of the piezoelectric module for power supply of a small-sized device for collecting diagnostic information are determined. The proposed approach should ensure the autonomy of the device when moving an electric rolling stock with a raised pantograph. At the same time, there is no dependence on the illumination or speed of movement characteristic of other alternative power sources. The layout solutions for the prototype of the device are presented, on the basis of which it is possible to build design documentation for the organization of the production of the installation batch. The role of the device in the system of functioning of controlled current collectors is described, as well as the change in the technology of their operation.

In article the question about possibility of extension of service life of carriage wheels by influence on technological parameters of restoration of their driving profile is considered. The correlation analysis of statistical data on volumes of machining and the size of defects on a driving surface of the wheels coming to repair is made. The mechanism of purpose of an allowance for machining of a driving profile of a wheel which will allow to reduce an unreasonable consumption of metal of a rim of a wheel in shaving is offered.

The article presents the results of the research conducted by the authors, the purpose of which was to development a model for recognizing defects in axle caps of a wheel-motor block of a locomotive in order to implement automatic advance notification of management structures about the need for maintenance or repair operations to eliminate defects at an early stage of their occurrence. The research used the following interdisciplinary and mathematical methods: computer and mathematical modeling, methods of mathematical statistics, methods of the theory of artificial intelligence and parametric reliability. As a result of the research, a mathematical formalization of the model for recognizing one of the defects in the axle caps of the wheel-motor block of the locomotive - the groove (chipping) of the babbitt layer was obtained. With the help of the obtained model, it is possible to implement automatic recognition of defects, pre-failure states not only of axle caps, but also of other units of technical systems. The developed model can be used in monitoring systems, control, diagnostics of the technical condition of the locomotive fleet, in order to reduce downtime in repairs and forced costs for scheduled operations. The proposed model solves the range of problems described in the development concept of JSCo Russian Railways associated with the implementation of the actual repair system for the current technical condition of the locomotive, as well as with the digitalization of the company's advanced areas.

The article is devoted to the problem of improving the DC motor winding armature insulation technical condition diagnosing quality with regard to its frequency properties by forming the equivalent circuit of the electric motor rolling stock armature winding, which allows to determine the frequency numerical values of the parameters,the results of experimental studies of the armature winding oscillatory characteristics as a single-terminal pair are given; and the dependences of the impedance, reactance and active impedance are established. The dependences between equivalent circuits elements numerical values and turn-to-turn location for further formation diagnostic model based on the results.

The results of infrared studies of the process of heating parts collector and brush assembly dc electrical machines. Proved diagnostic parameters for assessing the technical condition of the collector-brush assembly of electric motors: the ratio of changes in the elevation of temperature in time and space.

The article is devoted to the accounting problem of longitudinal non-equal-elasticity of railway track which led to forced vibrations for non-spring mass of rolling stock are interacting with multiplicative perturbation, that is increasing the amplitude of the bouncing wheel pair, or reducing it. This depends on the phase relationship between these influences .

In the article there is the method of calculating the loss of water pressure in the water system of passenger cars, equipped with a cleaning system as a series of two filters installed and the flow of ultraviolet sterilizer screw design. There is the results of calculation of losses in the various water systems of cars with the maximum and minimum charging time and the water pressure in the water system station. The rational geometric parameters of the decontamination chamber flow ultraviolet sterilizer of the conditions to ensure complete filling of the tank car parking in the minimum time with minimum pressure of the water supply system of the station. The value of head loss does not exceed the nameplate values typical designs. The geometry of the sterilizer allows you to integrate the device into the car. Its design values are taken to develop the prototype of a UV sterilizer successfully tested. To be able to determine the loss of water pressure chamber decontamination sterilizer screw coil design is presented with a rectangular cross section, «wound» on the cylinder. Local loss of one turn calculated using the reference formula proposed by G.N. Abramovich.

The article sets out the methodology of the study of a rigid mathematical model describing locomotive wheel and rail interaction, taking into account the hypothesis f. Carter. On the basis of the application of the theorem N.A. Tikhonova derived the differential equation for determining the rate of slippage of wheel pair on Rails. Determine the time dependence for the establishment of a process of kinematic slippage of wheel pair on Rails from the wheel speeds and locomotive, from inertial characteristics of trains and the wheel, as well as the coefficient of creep, annexed to the torque of wheel pair and the State of the surfaces of the Rails.

The evaluation of the stress state of the elastic pad rim wheel set new design and the substantiation method of its calculation.

The aim of the work, the results of which are presented in this article, is to identify effective parameter of the heating process in the collector-brush unit of DC traction motor. The article suggests a detailed equivalent thermal equation of DC traction collector-brush unit. An experiment in a laboratory according to the theory of experimental design in the central rotatable terms of the second order are held, and the analysis of the results are presented. A method for processing the results of thermographic study of the machine is described. The regression equation, reflecting the degree of influence of the mode parameters of the machine on the intensity of the heating area of traction motor collector-brush unit, is compiled. The correct use of mathematical apparatus is confirmed by quantitative calculations Student's criteria assessing the significance of the coefficients of equations and F-Fisher criterion within the 5 % significance level. The results can be used to supplement the methods of DC traction motors and collector-brush unit technical condition diagnostics.

In article aerodynamic properties of SSS87 current collectors intended for the high-speed movement of the electric rolling stock are considered. Spectra are presented of the flow for different shapes of the contact plates. The solution of a problem of modeling of flow of the contact plates of the current collector with the air environment is reached by application of methods of computing hydrodynamics (CFD) the aerodynamic coefficients necessary for calculation of aerodynamic characteristics Are defined. Aerodynamic characteristics of current collectors are constructed.

In clause the organization and perfection of process of repair axle box units of a rolling stock by results of diagnostics is considered. The diagnostic model of object, and also a technique of perfection of repair on an actual condition with application of technical diagnostics and the analytical means, based on concept ТРМ is resulted.

The article presents the results of experimental researches of process of commutation in traction DC motors. In order to generalize the results of tests of low power engines for electric locomotive’s traction motors, belonging to high power engines, by using the theory of similarity and dimensions we defined the ranges of varying parameters of the operation mode in the experiments. In result of the conducted researches proved the effectiveness of the parameters of laws of distribution of intensity sparking to improve the reliability of the test as low power engines and high power engines.

In article advanced techniques of laboratory and natural aerodynamic researches of a pantograph and its elements are considered. It is specified that carrying out modeling by means of computational fluid dynamics methods doesn't allow to replace pilot studies completely now. Need of correction of the received results because of influence of change of density of the environment during experimental studies locates. Density of the environment is offered to consider it as an integrated indicator. The main methods of measurement of density of the environment are given, their advantages and shortcomings are listed. The conclusion is drawn that it is most expedient to use ultrasonic measuring instruments to control of an indicator of density. The principle of operation of these measuring instruments is described. The example of use of an advanced technique of laboratory researches of the aerodynamic device for regulation of force of contact pressing of a current collector is given. Researches were conducted for device wing angles of rotation from zero to fifteen degrees with an interval of five degrees. After that aerodynamic characteristics of a wing of the aerodynamic device were under construction and comparison to results of modeling was carried out by means of a computing hydraulic gas dynamics them. The results received in OSTU laboratory well were correlated with results of computational fluid dynamics modeling that testified to adequacy of the applied technique.

The urgency of the task of creating test signals of vibration. Described possible ways of implementation of the test vibration signals. A method of forming a test signal by adjusting amplitudes of the individual harmonic components of the vibration signal. Showing the results of modeling. Shows the possible effect of using the proposed method.

The wheel-motor unit of freight electric locomotives is characterized by the dynamic effect of a wide range of the disturbances due to irregularities in the track. This is one of the main reasons for the high damageability of the gear casings, observed recently, and it indicates the need to improve its design. The proposed design changes for the casing should be directly related to the assessment of the level of the dynamic loading during its operation. The results of the numerical and experimental determination of the natural frequencies of metal casings of traction gear used on electric locomotives of the VL85 and 2 (3) ES5K series are presented. For the numerical determination of the natural frequencies of the enclosures, a modal calculation of the solid model of the enclosure in the Ansys Workbench software environment was performed using the finite element method. A comparative analysis of the distribution of deformation fields in the sidewalls of the casing for a casing that is not fixed to the traction engine and rigidly fixed is carried out. For the experimental evaluation of the natural frequencies of the gear casings, a vibration transducer fixed on the casing was used; the method of excitation of vibrations with a single blow was used to excite vibration. As the result of the experiment, the peak values of vibration acceleration were revealed at some frequencies, which testifies to the emerging resonance phenomena for the casing, and the values of such dynamic parameters for the casing design as natural frequency, Q-factor of the oscillating system, logarithmic damping decrement, relaxation time were obtained. The values of the natural frequencies of the gear housing are obtained by solving a system of Lagrange differential equations of the second kind. The mathematical model of the considered mechanical system created for this purpose takes into account the elastic nature of the casing attachment to the traction motor. The values of the frequencies of the natural vibrations of the gear housing obtained make it possible to evaluate its dynamic loading at the frequencies close to the resonant ones.

The deterministic evaluation of the durability of railway rolling stock structures according to fatigue safety factors, established by regulatory requirements, does not fully take into account the random nature of loads that cause the accumulation of fatigue damages, the operation rate (operating time), does not allow to evaluate the operating life and its depletion over the service lifetime. At the same time, with the development of heavy and high-speed traffic, as well as due to the introduction of technical regulations, the task to evaluate and substantiate the assigned service lifetime and operating life of railway vehicles are becoming more important. The subject of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, was the fatigue strength of elements of locomotive basic parts. The purpose of the work was the prediction of their limit state by the operating life of critical elements. In the present work, design and experimental studies have been performed with running dynamic and strength tests of the locomotive in the entire range of operating speeds of its running, determining the stress-strain state of structures using strain-gauge methods, calculating safety factors with the probabilistic estimate of the fatigue strength of parts. According to results obtained, the influence of the operation loading performance on the fatigue strength margin and its depletion during the element operating life is shown. According to the results of this work, it can be concluded that main indicators of the strength, operating life and service lifetime of the locomotive make it possible to compare and link their key parameters for the subsequent analysis, substantiation, rating and control of safe operating life of railway equipment.

The subject of the study is the fuel utilization system of a diesel power plant as a diesel locomo-tive or other vehicle main lead, which is a complex technical system consisting of actual diesel in-ternal combustion engine, fuel lines and low pressure fuel processing and high pressure line includ-ing various elements of liquid fuels consumption dosing and control. The aim of our study was to analyze the system functioning, to determine the dynamic proper-ties and the nature of changes in the internal parameters of the system as a whole. To achieve the goal the system analysis methods were used. The processes of complex technical system operation were interpreted by means of the continuous linear stationary deterministic model of the list of others. For this particular model the body of mathematics developed on the basis of linear differential equations with constant coefficients is the most complete one. The chosen mathematical model was presented by us in the first stage in the form of a finite graph as a subgraph of obtained earlier generalized model which had both methodological and theoretical foundation. In accordance with the methodology of the systematic approach the graph model of the diesel power plant fuel utilization system operation was described in relation to major significant factors affecting the system parameters transformation dynamics. Given the complexity of the of fuel ignition and combustion mechanism located in the diesel engine cylinder, the use of the techniques of the modern automated control theory is adopted for numerical processes simulation with the system described in terms of the said theory. The criteria of efficiency, mechanical loads and thermal loads levels were chosen as the fuel utilization system internal state variables. Taking into account the Pareto principle the most important efficiency criterion components were chosen for the analysis; and the system of differential equations of the efficiency dynamics in the form of three balance equations was created. The factual description of the included equations allowed us to derive preliminary qualitative conclusions about the dynamic properties of the internal criteria: controllability, observability and stability of the fuel utilization system. The differential equations system parameters linearizing procedure and the introduction of small deviations allowed us to obtain the dynamic mathematical model of the fuel and air transfor-mation in the diesel engine heat cylinder. As the result of transformations we have obtained the equations presented in the form of the matrices, which allowed us to conclude that the process of the fuel and air transformation in the cylinder is controllable, the system is asymptotically stable, and the process is stochastic with the presence of perturbing parameters influenced by the engine's variable modes of operation. The further research areas have been suggested, and the practical results have been predicted: the creation of optimal (in terms of efficiency) control system with the technical solution in the form of the optimal controller (in relation to fuel consumption).

In this article the generalized results of researches of change of intensity of wear of electrical brushes in the traction motors of electric locomotives. On the basis of the conducted research the author proposes an algorithm to predict the operating life of the brushes, given the parameters of the operation. In order to increase the reliability of the calculation has been developed algorithms, which allow additionally taking into account the effect of the collector’s surface.

The article deals with the issue of using electric power storage systems in railway transport. It is noted that they are used in renewable energy sources and on hybrid shunting diesel locomotives. The possibility of using electric power storage systems to improve the efficiency of using electric power for train traction is indicated. The introduction of electric energy storage systems in the traction power supply system is hampered by high capital costs and the need to strengthen several adjacent inter-substation zones at once. It is proposed to consider the possibility of creating a mobile energy storage system, all the equipment of which will be placed in containers installed on cargo platforms, which will allow such a system to be quickly moved. The purpose of introducing a mobile power storage system is to temporarily strengthen the traction power supply system during a planned overhaul or emergency repair of one of the tracks on double-track sections of the railway. In this case, there is a need for a batch pass of trains alternately in even and odd directions on the same track. The possibility of using a mobile energy storage system is considered on the example of a real section of the railway. For a given schedule of passing train packages, the dependence of the storage capacity taken off from time, the maximum power and the nominal effective energy intensity of the storage system are determined. An estimate of the electricity storage system cost is given. It is shown that more than 70 % of the total cost of the electricity storage system falls on the imported energy conversion subsystem. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop domestic converter subsystems.

The article is devoted to the description of the requirements for the accuracy of control devices and the development of methods to ensure the claimed dimensional accuracy by methods of dimensional analysis. The conditions for ensuring the accuracy of the assembly scheme, the determination of the dimensional chain and dimensional analysis of the dimensional chain during the assembly of the control device, as well as the main causes of errors during assembly and ways to eliminate them are listed. In addition, the consequences of the influence of irregular gaps in the interfaces of the control device parts on the measurement accuracy are presented, various types of assembly dimensional chains are considered, tasks solved when calculating the dimensional chain. The paper presents a compiled dimensional chain of the technological process of assembling a measuring instrument for monitoring the alignment of the inserts of motor-axial bearings of traction electric motors of locomotives, which represents a dimensional chain of the first type and is a chain with linear dimensions and vertically parallel links. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the calculated tolerances and limit deviations of the links of the assembly dimensional chain, providing the required value of the closing link for the proper functioning of the assembled measuring instrument. The paper describes the selection of the closing link of the dimensional chain, the selection of the links that make up the dimensional chain, the calculation of the limiting deviations of the closing link that ensure the required measurement accuracy during operation of the control device and the calculation of the limiting deviations of the components of the links of the dimensional chain by the "maximum-minimum" method. Thus, the article presents a solution to the design problem of dimensional analysis, which consists in determining the accuracy of the component links of the dimensional chain when assembling the control device according to the known calculated tolerance of the closing link and its limit deviations.

Despite significant progress in the development of accounting systems, there is almost universal growth accounting losses of electricity and reduce its quality. Along with the introduction of modern energy efficient electrical problem efficiency of electric energy in the stationary energy sector can be achieved through the implementation of active-adaptive technologies for controlling the operation of compensating devices, controlled means of voltage control, switching and power equipment and diagnosis based on digital technology, including automatically maintain a minimum transmission losses when the load. Management of objects offered no traction electricity consumers based on adaptive technology and hardware-software optimization mode parameters in real time.

The subject of the research is the problem of "hot core" occurrence during intensive cooling of railway rails, which is critically important when preparing rails for fastening in the summer period. The aim of the work is to scientifically substantiate and propose methods for minimizing this phenomenon to ensure a uniform temperature field across the rail section. The research methodology includes an analysis of the influence of the limited thermal conductivity of steel on the formation of a temperature gradient and its negative impact on rail geometry, internal stresses, and fastening accuracy. The work proposes and substantiates methods for reducing the "hot core" effect, including cooling mode management (cascaded and phased intensity reduction), expanding active heat dissipation zones through multi-sided cooling, and applying comprehensive numerical modeling. The research results show that cascaded cooling with pauses effectively redistributes heat from the core to the surface, significantly reducing temperature gradients across the rail section, which is confirmed by numerical simulation results. Phased cooling intensity reduction prevents excessive gradients in later stages. Comprehensive numerical modeling allows not only to predict deformations and stresses but also to visualize optimal temperature fields, optimizing cooling parameters to achieve a uniform fastening temperature. The proposed methods ensure the stability and durability of continuous welded tracks. Effective external heat exchange management is key to solving the "hot core" problem. The implementation of the proposed strategies minimizes temperature gradients, reduces the risk of internal defects, and improves the accuracy of rail fastening, which directly affects their operational strength and safety.