Search results

The use of new self-supporting insulated wires and high-temperature wires in the operation of power lines allows increasing the capacity of lines and, as a rule, reducing operational costs. An optimal utilization of the power line load capacity depends on the precise determination of the permissible current loads. The values of permissible currents and steady-state temperature are the main parameters of the line operating mode, affecting the strength and sag of the conductor. The temperature of the wire depends on weather conditions and current load. There are methods for determining the temperature and permissible currents for widely used traditional wires such as AC. They are partially outlined in the EIS (Electrical Installation Standard) and the standard of PJSC FGC UES (Federal Grid Company of Unified Energy System) of 2013. However, there is lack of studies in new types of wires. The paper considers the effect of weather conditions and load on the temperature and real-power losses in insulated and high-temperature wire, and solar radiation is under special consideration. For comparison, we present the results of calculations on traditional AC wires. The research shows that solar radiation, being taken into account, provides an increase of real-power losses of about 2 % with the given values of load and weather conditions. Calculations of permissible current values according to the developed technique for classical AC wires reveal a high coincidence with the values from PJSC FGC UES standard. The relative error is within two percent, and the proposed method is more generalized. It allows simultaneous analysis of both uninsulated and insulated wires. Due to the widespread use of self-supporting insulated wires, power industry experts can use the developed software in the design and operation of modern power lines to optimize capacity.

The authors consider the question of the limits of applicability of the capacitor method for measuring the real part of the dielectric constant of printed circuit boards and telecommunications cabled rail transport using the example of FR-4 fiberglass laminate and the cable PK-75-4-12 in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 MHz. The measurements were carried out at a constant temperature and humidity of a known material. Comparison of the obtained values with the passport data on the material is carried out; a measurement procedure is developed with overlapping frequency ranges by changing the values of the measuring resistors from larger to smaller with increasing frequency of the input signal. It is shown that in the high-frequency region, the measurement accuracy is directly affected by the parasitic inductance of the capacitor sample under study, as well as the active resistance of the leads and plates and its increase due to the skin effect. The article also discusses the ways of accounting and calculating the parasitic elements of a capacitor. One of these ways is to study the characteristics of the elements of the sample at the first proper serial resonance of the capacitor under study.

The article presents the results of the development and implementation of a method for controlling the technological processes of repairing locomotives based on network planning. The methodology allows you to track online bottlenecks during current repairs and reduce the duration of the critical path by varying the time indicators of events and works, using the aggregate-nodal repair method, redistributing resources between critical and non-critical works. The developed methodology is based on the adjustment of basic repair networks, taking into account the workload of process equipment and repair personnel, the availability of spare parts and materials, the need for unscheduled work during the planned installation of a particular locomotive for repair. This approach was implemented within the framework of the automated control system (ACS) «Network Schedule» and provides control and adjustment of the implementation of technological operations according to the indicators of technological preparation of repairs. An algorithm has been developed for determining a generalized performance indicator when assessing the quality of functioning of an automated maintenance and repair control system for a locomotive in service locomotive depots.

The object of the research is the solid rocks massif containing the Kuznetsovskiy tunnel with a length of 3890 m, the greatest depth of the deposit is 355 m, which crosses the mountain pass section of Sikhote-Alin on the Komsomolsk-Sovetskaya Gavan line of the Far Eastern Railway. The aim of the studies was a detailed analysis of the engineering and geological conditions of the facility and their impact on construction and operation. These data are obtained as a result of field research, laboratory testing of physical and mechanical properties of rocks, evaluation of water flow to drainage structures and analytical calculations. The massif is composed by terrigenous rocks - a rhythmic interlayering of heterogeneous grained sandstones, siltstones, gravelites, conglomerates, that are classified as strong. Layering has a steep drop and a sublatitudinal strike, deviating from the axis of the tunnel by 20 - 60 °. The tunnel axis is crossed by a system of faults of various capacities, their total capacity is 334 m, which is 8.5% of the length of the tunnel. The fault zones are associated with increased fracturing, reduced stability, in places abundant water inflows that have peaks in the summer, the threat of landslides, intense silicification and sulfide mineralization. The obtained monitoring materials by methods of recording natural pulses of the electromagnetic field of the earth (NPEFE) (EEMEMP) and dipole electromagnetic profiling (DEMP) allowed to draw a conclusion about the real picture of the development and forecast of the rock pressure, as well as the dynamics of the groundwater entering the mine for safe construction and operation. The state of the geodynamic conditions of the mountain massif is characterized as stable. Available data can be used as a starting point for assessing and forecasting aspects of the construction and operation of the second stage of the tunnel.

Intermodal transportation management is a complex and responsible process. When carrying out international and intercontinental contrailer transportation, rail transport is traditionally used. The task of railway transport is to ensure transportation along the so-called «land bridges» - land sections where the route begins or ends, or through which it passes in transit. Despite a significant level of computerization and informatization, the level of delays in the delivery of goods in the field of contrailer intermodal transportation does not decrease. The unsatisfactory progress of the contrailer trains is a significant factor in the occurrence of these delays. This problem is common, and not only appears before intermodal operators operating the Siberian and Eurasian continental land bridges, which pass through the territory of Russia and Kazakhstan, respectively, and for the delivery of goods from Japan, South Korea and Taiwan to the countries of Eastern Europe. Named problem applies to the American and Canadian land bridges, through which Japanese goods reach consumers in the United States and Canada and through the ports of Germany and the Netherlands to consumers in Western Europe. This situation is due to the lack of effective approaches to the construction of control systems that would demonstrate a high level of efficiency in conditions of uncertainty, which is a natural component of the transportation process.

Currently in Russia there is an active development of industry, which requires a large amount of energy resources. At the same time, there are several obstacles in the way of providing all consumers with the required volume and, most importantly, the quality of energy. First of all, this is due to the technical condition of the equipment of both consumers and energy producers and the absence of programs for the implementation of measures aimed at increasing energy efficiency. Today, a full-fledged assessment of the energy efficiency of the production of many enterprises is difficult due to the lack of a single physical and mathematical apparatus and a universal criterial assessment of the energy efficiency of enterprises. This leads to the fact that a correct assessment of energy efficiency indicators and energy saving potential is not fully possible. Most of the existing methods for assessing energy efficiency indicators are limited and allow assessing only one or several indicators, do not provide for linking all indicators into a single whole. In addition, there is no criterion for assessing energy efficiency that is uniform for all components of heat supply systems. A promising direction of modern research in the field of heat supply systems is the improvement of methods for assessing the energy efficiency of heat supply systems through the use of a physically and mathematically substantiated criterion for the energy efficiency of the heat supply system of industrial enterprises and the creation of unified methods and an algorithm for assessing the indicators of the energy efficiency of heat supply systems of various compositions and devices. Special attention is paid to assessing the reliability of the initial data. This assessment is possible using the correlation method. In practice, correlation and regression analysis is widely used to predict the consumption of heat energy. This approach can also be used when assessing the reliability of the initial data using the Chaddock scale. In the course of the research, methods of constructive and verification calculations, experimental and analytical research, the method of correlation analysis, and statistical research methods were used. As a result of the research, a unified, generalized methodology for assessing the indicators of the energy efficiency of the heat supply system of the enterprise has been developed. We created the algorithm given a comprehensive assessment of the energy efficiency of the heat supply system of an industrial enterprise and to assess the potential for energy saving.

The paper considers the use of simulation modeling in the reengineering of technological processes for repairing rolling stock units on the example of repairing a bogie model 18-578 of an open-top car. The most time-consuming sub-process of repairing the bolster of this bogie was considered as the object of reengineering. Three options for reengineering of this subprocess were considered, implying a complete replacement of the technological equipment currently in use at repair operations (positions) with more efficient positions of the subprocess. To substantiate the choice of the most preferable reengineering option, the values of such indicators of the functioning of the subprocess under consideration as its productivity per shift (throughput), the load factor of the resources used at the repair positions, the volume of work in progress at the end of the shift, the number of workers employed in production and the costs associated with the possible purchase of new technological equipment. Simulation modeling of the functioning of the considered sub-process of bogie bolster repair was carried out on the basis of the methods of the queuing theory. The construction of simulation models and their assessment of the above indicators were carried out in the Arena RockWell Software environment. When developing simulation models for each of the possible options for reengineering a subprocess, the discipline of its organization and maintenance was taken into account. In the article, for each of the reengineering options, the calculated quantitative estimates of the listed indicators are presented, obtained using the corresponding developed simulation models. The use of these assessments reduces the risks in the development and subsequent implementation of organizational and technical solutions associated with the modernization of the considered technological sub-process of repair of the bolster of a gondola car bogie.

The article deals with the possibility of applying an unconditional diagnostic algorithm, applied to a specific problem of searching for damage in a station's tonal track circuit. The aim of the work is to substantiate the possibility of applying diagnostic algorithms, in order to reduce the time of search and repair of damages. The order of compiling the diagnostic algorithm is shown, conditional probabilities, diagnostic weights, private and general diagnostic values are calculated. On the basis of the calculations performed, an unconditional algorithm for diagnosing the tonal track circuit was compiled. The results obtained in the article can be used for technical maintenance of automation systems of operating railways.

When developing a set of organizational and technical energy saving measures, it is necessary to correctly assess the feasibility of using certain measures not only in terms of return on investment, but also based on the technological process of the enterprise. It is necessary to take into account not only the current parameters of the installed equipment, but also other, important factors: the degree of equipment utilization during the year, since this parameter in the equipment during the inter-heating period, as a rule, is significantly less than in the heating period. It should also take into account the prospects for the development of the enterprise. Many modern energy-saving technologies have a long payback period, and this is caused not so much by a small energy-saving effect as by the low popularity and low demand for these technologies, which leads to high purchase and maintenance costs. With the right choice and operation of equipment of this kind, an enterprise can significantly reduce the cost of its products and increase its competitiveness in the market. The article discusses the issues of approaches to assessing the potential of energy saving and the choice of priority areas for increasing the energy efficiency of heat supply systems of industrial enterprises. The described energy saving measures are applicable to the majority of existing heat supply systems and are the most common. The given procedures for assessing the technical and economic effect allow us to pre-evaluate the significance and feasibility of applying a particular event.

In the article presents the network model of processes of planning and the accounting of transportations, and also processes of execution of documentation at freight dispatch in the intra republican message of the railroads of Uzbekistan by means of composite document management. Composite document management provides the movements of documents in paper and in electronic medium, and also their composite decisions. The special the automated system (AS) will support processes of electronic document management and to make the reporting in the automated mode. For mathematical modeling of process of document management in this work it is used methods of network planning and management. It is described characteristics of the offered technology of planning and the accounting of transportations, and also execution of carriage documents at freight dispatch in the intra republican. It is applied, the PERT method for calculation of accidental temporary characteristics of works. Temporary characteristics of events are determined by a method of a critical way. Tables with the sequence of works with the indication of optimistic, probabilistic and pessimistic assessment of duration of performance, and also with results of calculations for determination of average time and dispersion are made. The network schedule of works, in compliance of technology of document management by means of which terms of performance of work are evaluated, entering document management process is made. Durations of critical and noncritical ways are determined. The results received in article confirm efficiency of the offered technology of document management. Use of this technology providing filling of documents electronically and fixing with the digital signature (DS), it is expected to lower expenses of time of consignors and the railroad, to increase productivity of works and quality of the provided services, to create the centralized information base.

Microminiaturization elements of communication systems contributed to development Internet of Things, which led the expansion of various railway transport services. One of the Internet of Things component`s is the wireless sensor network (WSN). Feature of WSN is a dynamically changing spatial and information network environment. It complicates the adoption of promptly reliable management decisions based on assessments of the states of network elements. One of the directions of making a reliable decision in a complex network environment on the WSN is using cognitive maps in the WSN control nodes. In this article discusses various models of cognitive maps for assessing the states of network elements and network processes, which can also be used for railway transport services.

The article deals with the issues of analysis and risk assessment of the operation of the logistics infrastructure of Russian Railways. The relevance of the article is determined by the practical orientation and significance of the issue relevant to the operation of the facilities of JSC “Russian Railways”. The aim of the article is to develop a risk assessment algorithm based on the statistics available to JSCo Russian Railways. The subject of research is the risks arising during operation. The object is the logistics infrastructure of Russian Railways. An analysis approach is considered and a risk analysis algorithm is proposed taking into account the specifics of the operation of logistics facilities using statistical and expert assessments.

The article presents theoretical studies of the interaction of the compacting machine with the soil of the road bed of the railway embankment. The results of the studies make it possible to establish the parameters of the sealant, which ensure an efficient flow of the compaction process of the ground environment. It is established that the rigidity of the working body of the roller must vary over a wide range. Experimental studies of a new sample of the working body confirmed the possibility of adjusting the rigidity in the required range for the effective use of vibrating rollers in the construction of railroad soil embankments.

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the tools of blockchain technologies used in the field of supply chains. To achieve this goal, a detailed analysis of individual technologies is carried out, practical examples of their use are given, proving the useful effectiveness of its integration. The spread and formation of information technologies are an existing fact in the modern world. Over the past decades, this direction has determined the main trajectories of the development of the economy, industry and society as a whole, which in turn leads to enormous changes in the aspect of technological progress. The formation and development of the digital environment is one of the top priorities of most developed countries, including the Russian Federation, the USA, Germany and others. Modern technological progress is characterized by the development and formation of various information technologies that contribute to improving the rational use of resources and improving the efficiency of modern enterprises. Currently, there is a huge variety of applied and professional tasks, the most effective solution of which involves the use of various kinds of information technologies. In this article, the question is raised about the relevance of using Blockchain technology, about possible problems of its implementation, about what blockchain can give to various sectors of the economy and logistics. To understand the question of how the blockchain works, the second-generation Ethereum blockchain is taken as a basis, which includes an updated system of smart contracts and much more. Topical issues that blockchain is able to solve in logistics, such as inventory and cargo tracking, authentication, transparency in supply chains, increasing the speed of cargo delivery, and the creation of a freight market, are considered. The possibility is also considered and a description of the application of this technology on the railway network of Uzbekistan is given. This technology is applicable in many sectors of the modern rapidly developing world and is able to accelerate the development of the digital economy.

The article is devoted to the features of the implementation of the user interface of an automated information system for processing and analyzing data about the energy consumption of locomotives, ensuring its effective functioning in order to improve the control of fuel and energy resources consumption for train traction.

Station radio communication is an integral part of the technical means involved in the organization of a safe transportation process. Increasing the signal power in places with a complex electromagnetic environment remains an urgent issue. A passive repeater can serve as a solution to this issue, therefore the purpose of this work is to test the possibility of increasing the signal power level using a passive repeater.The article provides an analysis of a passive repeater used as a device that improves the quality of radio communications in places with a difficult electromagnetic environment. The differences between the use of a passive repeater and active relay stations are given.An analysis of the existing methods for calculating the parameters of passive repeaters was carried out, on their basis, modeling and calculation of the parameters of a passive repeater were carried out for the development and conduct of research in real conditions at a railway station. The design, materials of manufacture of the passive repeater, as well as the measurement scheme in real conditions are presented.The study is based on theoretical calculations and performance checks in real conditions and comparison of the results obtained. As a result of the study, it was found that the use of a passive repeater in a complex electromagnetic environment makes it possible to increase the signal power level, thereby increasing the stability of radio communication.It was noted that it is necessary to refine the existing method for calculating a passive repeater, since the above technique was used when calculating passive repeaters over long distances. A variant of fastening passive repeaters without the development and installation of additional new structures is proposed, the need to organize further protection against overvoltage is indicated.The results obtained will be useful in the development of new radio relay communication lines and the modernization of existing ones for places with a difficult electromagnetic environment and rough terrain.

In this article the tasks of simulation of flows on the railways are discussed. The main purpose of this work is to create a new simulation technology such a complex system as the rail network. Scientific novelty consists in the application of a combination of agent-based and discrete-event approaches in a given subject area. During the conducted study the models of behavior of agents were created, the problematic situation was highlighted and discrete-event part of the model was developed for this situation. The main categories of regular and emergency situations are analyzed, a list of situations for modelling are created. Choices for removal emergency situations were discussed, an algorithm for their processing (discrete-event part of the model) was chosen. An illustration of the study is a simulation model of the railway section of the West-Siberian railway with the possibility of rebuilding the train schedule, which depend on the addition of regular or emergency situation. As a result of the simulation, output such as a traffic graph and an information table are generated. There are plans to use new technology for creating model of "transport hub”.

Today the most part of world commodity and cash flows is concentrated in the Pacific Rim. The strategy of development for the Far East is based on increase in export to Asia-Pacific countries and also growth of volume of foreign investments. In September, 2018 in Vladivostok at the IV East economic forum the VaninoTransUgol company will submit the construction project in seaport Vanino of transport transshipment facility with transshipment capacities to 40 million tons. In 2017 the volume of transfer of freights in Vanino port was 7,2 million tons, the seaport continues to increase the refinery capacities, but the insufficient capacity of infrastructure of railway transport is the limiting element of development of the transport hub. Construction of the new terminal for transfer of coal will demand corresponding development of railway infrastructure of the Vanino transport hub. In the conditions of increase in volumes of transfer of freights, it is necessary to resolve an issue of the extreme number of cars which can be processed in "the railway station-seaport" system. The author has developed the program of imitating modeling which allows to determine the capacity of a railway component of the transport hub at the existing hardware and in the conditions of increase in loading of "the station-the port" system. In this work results of imitating modeling of work of the Vanino transport hub at increase in unloading of coal by 40% up to 280 cars a day are presented. The working park of the Vanino station has made 305 cars and continued to increase, ways of the station have been filled with cars waiting for operations. Two groups of possible ways of increase in capacity of the transport hub - infrastructure and technology solutions are presented. In the conditions of limitation of territorial development, construction of additional railway infrastructure becomes impossible therefore it is possible to increase the capacity of the transport hub due to change of specialization of moorings of port. It will allow to reduce the number of the cars which are on the ways of the station waiting for unloading and to accelerate processing of the rolling stock. After re-equipment of moorings of port, the working park of the Vanino station has made 230 cars and the capacity reserve for reception of an additional traffic volume has appeared. By means of this program of imitating modeling it is necessary to analyse work of key transport hubs of the Far East for definition of the maximum traffic volume at which transport hubs will steadily function, in the optimum mode.

In the context of the sanctions policy of Western countries the main economic partners of Russia and consumers of commodity flows are the countries of the Asia-Pacific region (APR). According to the results of 8 months of 2022, the trade turnover between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China (PRC), according to the General Customs Administration of the People's Republic of China, increased by 31,4 % and amounted to $ 117,2 billion [1]. The People's Republic of China borders on the southern regions of the Russian Far East - the Amur Region, the EAO, the Primorsky, Zabaikalsky and Khabarovsk Territories. There are 9 border checkpoints located in the Khabarovsk Territory: air, river, mixed, automobile, sea, which makes it possible to form new multimodal transport routes for the delivery of foreign trade goods. The purpose of the work is to consider alternative options for multimodal transportation of foreign trade cargo flows through the transport network of the Khabarovsk Territory and transshipment points of the Amur Basin. The objectives of this study are: analysis of the volume of foreign trade turnover between Russia and China, development of technological schemes for the transportation of containers in the direction of «river ports of China - Khabarovsk River Port (RF) - land transport - western regions», consideration of promising routes for the transportation of foreign trade goods through cargo and passenger checkpoints «Pokrovka - Zhaohe» and Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island of the Amur swimming pool. The subject of this study is the transport and logistics infrastructure of international multimodal routes of the Amur Basin. In this work, theoretical research methods are used, including system analysis and synthesis of information. The article examines the characteristics of the terminal and logistics infrastructure of the Amur Basin river ports, the dynamics of container transportation by river transport from the ports of China to the terminals of the Khabarovsk River Port, gives a feasibility study for the organization of a permanent customs control zone at the Khabarovsk II station, and also describes the advantages of using the Pokrovka - Zhaohe border checkpoint as an element of an alternative multimodal container transportation routes. In the final part of the work, a description of the simulation model of the operation of a mixed (automobile-river) checkpoint in the presence of customs and transit terminals for assessing the capacity of border checkpoints of the Far Eastern District is presented.

Subject of research - the evolution of logistics objects (LO). The purpose of the research is the development of methods to study the LO in their development, taking into account changes that they execute logistics functions. Research methodology based on set theory, graph theory, theory of transport systems, general systems theory and the author's methodology terminalistics. The authors studied the most significant for the evolution of the LO characteristics and factors influencing them. The condition of LO is a set of indicators identifying the overall hierarchical system (defining its type) and characterizes his work in general. This study describes an evolutionary-functional approach. This approach is reflecting the characteristics of the development of the functional arsenal of LO and its role in the system of delivery. Its essence is also presented graphically. The author has developed a classification of types of LO, given their evolution and hierarchy. The basis of the typology of LO is the LO evolution of the implemented logistic services. Also this study describes the stages of functional development of the LO. A parametric description of the LO and the conceptual framework taking into account the classification and evolution of the LO present in this study. Еhe author proposes the methodology of research LO on the basis of the evolution of the network states. The evolutionary-functional theory is reflected in the form of a "rhombus evolutionary and functional development of the LO." This theoretical and graphical model evolutionary network conditions may be applicable: 1) in determining the terms of the best mode of operation LO for planning of objects of terminal and warehouse infrastructure, 2) the operation and development of terminal and warehouse infrastructure; 3) as an evaluation tool to identify bottlenecks and system improvement of all aspects of the work LO. The results of the study can be used in the design, planning, development and evaluation of objects of terminal and warehouse infrastructure of Russian Railways.

The influence of systematic failures to the functional safety of automated control systems of hazardous technological processes is considered. It is shown that stability ensuring of the process control system to systematic failures is an actual task for today. Approaches to increase the robustness to systematic failures recommended by IEC 61508 are presented. Special attention is paid to methods based on diversion. The functional diversity and technology diversity have been revealed in detail. Examples of using diversification in railway automation systems are given. The main problems of using diversification to increase resistance to systematic failures are formulated. The main advantages of using diversification are increased resistance to systematic failures and reduced risk of dangerous failures through the usage of diversified protection methods at the functional levels of the APCS. The disadvantages of using diversification are a significant increase in the costs of developing and automated process control system maintenance, the difficulty of confirming the different behavior of diversified channels in case of systematic failures, and the lack of an effective method to assessing the sufficiency of the obtained diversification for a given level of safety integrity.

The article deals with the possibility of applying a conditional diagnostic algorithm, applied to a specific problem of searching for damage in a station's tonal track circuit. The aim of the work is to substantiate the possibility of applying diagnostic algorithms, in order to reduce the time of search and repair of damages. The order of compiling the diagnostic algorithm is shown, conditional probabilities, diagnostic weights, private and general diagnostic values are calculated. On the basis of the calculations performed, a conditional algorithm for diagnosing the tonal track circuit was compiled. The advantages of the conditional diagnostic algorithm in relation to the unconditional algorithm are demonstrated. The results obtained in the article can be used for technical maintenance of automation systems of operating railways.

Within the framework of the article, a study was made of the workplace of wheelchair washers for the purpose of determining the main occupational diseases and the causes of their occurrence. The theory of constructing rational modes of work and rest for working in the off-season in the open air is considered. The equation of integral index of cooling conditions is given. The risks associated with working in the cold are listed, as well as basic protection measures for workers, such as personal protective equipment and recommendations for restroom equipment. Within the framework of the article, the technological stages of manual washing of passenger carriages and a number of harmful production factors at the workplace of wheelchair washers are considered. In the process of analyzing the working conditions of the profession in question, a number of prof. diseases such as acute intoxication, dermatitis and dermatosis. The results of the conducted tests for the evaluation of the toxicity index and operational tests of samples of the detergent «Trans-Eco» with the aim of improving the working conditions of the passenger car wipers are presented.