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The article discusses the urgent problem of upgrading non-public railway tracks through the introduction of automated loading and unloading control systems. The relevance of the study is due to the significant proportion of non-public tracks in the Russian railway infrastructure (29 % of the total length) and their constant increase, the growing volume of industrial production in the country and the need to improve the efficiency of transport services for enterprises and improve the efficiency of their use. More than 85 % of all freight traffic by rail starts and ends on non-public roads. The correctness of the service, organization and technology of the operation of the considered routes affects the operation of the entire transport network. The problem of the study lies in the fact that traditionally accepted methods of loading and unloading operations on non-public tracks do not provide the necessary efficiency of the transportation process, which leads to long downtime of rolling stock and increased operating costs for railway transport. The methods of system analysis, mathematical modeling and comparative analysis of statistical data are used in the work. Based on a study of international experience and domestic practice, it has been shown that the introduction of automated control systems can reduce the downtime of wagons by 25 - 30 % and reduce operating costs by 15 - 20 %. The article presents the definition of an automated loading and unloading management system as an integrated information management system that integrates hardware and software. A step-by-step methodology for system implementation has been developed, including seven consecutive stages from preliminary analysis to optimization and development. The proposed solutions take into account the specifics of Russian operating conditions and import substitution requirements.

A new approach to modeling the operations of railway stations and junctions using Petri nets is proposed. This method enables process analysis both analytically and through simulation, considering the topological features, operational technology of the station, and the structure of the transportation flow. The article provides a detailed examination of key properties of Petri nets, such as boundedness, liveness, and reachability, as well as methods for their analysis. These properties are applied to solve practical tasks, including resource optimization, increasing operational efficiency, and ensuring railway station safety. The proposed model identifies bottlenecks, forecasts potential operational difficulties, and develops measures to improve station performance. Various modifications of Petri nets, including timed, stochastic, and colored nets, are discussed. Each type offers distinct advantages for analyzing the temporal, probabilistic, and structural characteristics and parameters of station topology and transportation flow. The paper presents a model of the throat of a railway station’s reception yard for train passage, including its reachability tree of possible states. Analyzing the reachability tree identifies operational constraints and the sequences of events leading to these states. The model also predicts potential operational difficulties and shortages of maneuvering resources by applying an analytical method based on Petri net matrix analysis. This approach enables large systems, such as complex technical railway stations or junctions, to determine individual critical states that could lead to undesirable events without simulating all possible states.

This study focuses on the harmonized definition of sets of source data and criteria for creating an optimal container handling model at a terminal of type «dry port» served by rail and road transport. The model development process should consider priority in managing rail and road transport, balancing their interests and the cost-benefit relationship between cargo equipment and inactivity of vehicles and/or containers, depending on the technology and speed of cargo handling. The article noted that in the part of setting the task, many authors have limited approaches to the concept of «optimal terminal operating model» and the applied criteria of optimality. The study proposes a set of initial data intended to create an optimal work model, which includes data on the characteristics of the container flow, terminal, transport and handling mechanisms and processing. When creating the optimal terminal operation model, it is possible to evaluate the efficiency of the process in isolation or in a complex at once in several aspects depending on the purpose of the simulation. The valuation can be performed using a value criterion (cost of processing TEU), a criterion in terms of the natural value (maximum amount of processing to be realized, duration of processing) or an integral criterion (natural-cost value). The work has shown that the completeness of the sets of source data and the determination of calculation parameters in several possible units of measurement make the model adaptive for various modeling tasks and application of different criteria of optimality. For data that is dynamic by nature, the procedure for automated retrieval from existing information management systems significantly accelerates and simplifies calculation, allowing its use for operational planning and management purposes.

The results of field researches of the oscillatory process subgrade erected with sand dunes. The analysis of the oscillations records of particle of sand dunes at the main field, in the frame and be-hind of the subgrade. Given findings change of the value of oscillation amplitudes of dunes sand depending on the speed of trains. Analytical dependence of definition of attenuation of fluctuations in a body of subgrade from sand dunes and behind its limits is revealed.

Efficient use of railway rolling stock is an important aspect of the transportation industry. The presence of wagons on access roads plays a significant role in the overall performance of logistics chains. The article discusses the main approaches to rationing the time spent by wagons, analyzes existing problems and suggests optimization techniques based on modern technological solutions. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for rationing the time spent by wagons on access roads, aimed at reducing downtime and increasing the speed of cargo turnover without compromising the quality of cargo handling. The research method includes an analysis of the current state of operation of access roads, identification of the main problems and limitations, as well as the application of the principles of queuing theory. The technological and interoperable components of the time spent by wagons on access roads, including unproductive downtime, are considered. Special attention is paid to the complexity of applying the analytical method due to the difficulties of classifying access roads, the need for accurate data collection and the approximation of the formulas used. The scope of the results includes planning and optimizing the operation of access roads of industrial enterprises, terminals and warehouse complexes integrated into multimodal supply chains. The proposed methodology makes it possible to take into account the specifics of technological operations, the technical characteristics of rolling stock and infrastructural constraints. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of reducing the downtime of wagons, improving the use of rolling stock and increasing the overall efficiency of the transport system. The implementation of the proposed approaches contributes to the adaptation of access roads to changes in external and internal conditions, as well as the integration of advanced technologies into logistics process management.

Shotcrete lining is one of the most common types of temporary supports in tunnel construction. The influence of shotcrete lining on design calculations of permanent lining is difficult, because there is no method of designing at the present time. This leads to increasing in consumption of materials and labour of construction. The information about the influence of the basic mechanical properties of soils, geometrical size of construction per value of temporary shotcrete lining factor was obtained during research. These data formed the basis for futher development method of designing. Empirical correlations of stress distribution between temporary shotcrete lining and permanent monolithic reinforced concrete lining were obtained during theoretical research. Results of experimental research tensity of temporary shotcrete and permanent lining confirmed the possibility of using in the designing this empirical correlations. Using in the designing proposed empirical correlations will leads to reduction in consumption of materials and labour of construction.

The technique and algorithm of definition of consumption rates of materials on the current maintenance of a way depending on freight density, the passed tonnage, the plan and a profile of sites of a way, axial loadings of a rolling stock is given. Standards are developed on the basis of the analysis of the existing normative documents, statistical data from forms of primary accounting of PU-74 of the consumption of materials, annual reports of linear sites and other sources. Depending on service conditions standards are determined by analytical dependences and the correcting coefficients.

Example of the methods to evaluate conditions and reserve of transverse stability in CWR curves under abnormal track maintenance is discussed in the article. The author presents the results of the research of this method and also its positive effect is described.

The algorithms and modeling program allowing estimating indicators of financial technological risk, based on a random process of dynamic risk.

Evaluation of fatigue life is based on the use of basic fatigue curves. However, due to large va-riety of possible design solutions basic fatigue curves cannot be calculated for all cases. In addi-tion, the production practice has a significant influence on the durability of structural elements. To predict the fatigue durability using the traditional method we need to consider the influence of structural and technological factors by introducing the correction coefficients established on the basis of the experience and accumulated experimental data. The correction coefficients are widely used in calculating the resource elements by domestic and foreign construction firms. Using the traditional method the match of the projected longevity and durability resulted in a bench test struc-tures are not always satisfactory. Often by conducting rapid analysis the sufficient fatigue curves absent, the closest in characteristics among the available are selected. The article presents the im-proved technique of numerical fatigue life prediction of structural elements by using the modified fatigue curves, considering the impact of structural and technological features of the products of the actual design. The results of calculated estimate of the resistance of fatigue thin-walled struc-tures and their comparison with experimental data are presented. On the basis of the work carried out was drawn the conclusion that by using the method of calculation of fatigue longevity using modified fatigue curves , considering the structural features fragments of products, the convergence of the results of predicting fatigue life and test bench results obtained higher than by using tradi-tional techniques.

Incorporating passenger perspectives on the quality of ground public transport is paramount for enhancing urban mobility. This study champions the idea of making service quality perception the linchpin of urban transport policy formulation, thereby underscoring a user-centric methodology for cultivating sustainable transportation habits. By integrating passenger feedback, cities can effectively bolster user loyalty and entice new riders to embrace public transport. The research based on the importance of evaluating quality indicators within multimodal systems, which is essential for deciphering the spectrum of passenger sentiments. For urban transport to truly cater to citizen expectations, it is imperative to harmonize city authority ambitions, operator capabilities, and public desires, thereby creating sustainable urban ecosystems. At the heart of this approach lies a holistic planning system that encompasses operator-provided quality, regulator-set target quality, perceived quality, and desired quality. The study places emphasis on formalized assessment processes, acknowledging that passengers make rational choices, gravitating towards the most advantageous travel options. Integrating perceived quality indicators is invaluable for fostering informed management decision-making, which benefits both city administrations in strategic planning and transport companies in route and service optimization. Therefore, a comprehensive, user-centered quality assessment mechanism is pivotal for enhancing efficiency and satisfaction in urban transport, ultimately fostering a more sustainable and user-friendly urban environment.

Some aspects of soil testing are discussed this article to determine the stamp bearing capacity of piles. The techniques of plating tests has been proposed with anchoring of the shell or casing piles future. This method allows you to evaluate the resistance of piles on its end and side surfaces.

The possibility of fatigue crack propagation in the region of compression stresses is considered. After each semi-cycle of cyclic loading the stress-strain distribution near the tip of the crack is determined by the finite element method. It is shown that maximum of the tension stresses increases in the region of compression. The obtained results allow to present the possible ways of the above-mentioned fatigue crack propagation.

The results of the study the strength characteristics of loess loam under triaxial when exposed vibrodynamic load of high-speed trains. Research carried out on triaxial vibration, based on the principle of operation of the plant simulation vibrodynamic exposure to periodic changes in hydrostatic pressure in the working chamber triaxial. The experimental values of specific cohesion and angle of internal friction, and the values of their relative decline under the influence of vibrodynamic load.

The paper proposes a method of measuring the transverse displacements of the rails. Made a priori error estimate. A version of the sensor and the concept of construction equipment.

Vibration levels in the subgrade for the movement of trains are investigated. analysis of the recorded accelerograms is made, acceleration fluctuations on the cross section of the embankment are installed. Calculations of the stability of embankments with the effects by the train load are produced.

It is considered how reliability of the grinding technology influences on the quality parameters of the treated surface. The results of analysis of relationship between quality of the rails grinding and conditions of its treatment are represented. Factors affecting on reliability of the technology are reviewed also. The model determining the reliability of the rails grinding technology in the railway is represented. Also the algorithm of calculation of the grinding technology reliability is represented. It’s reviewed how the quality parameters are formed during the rails grinding.

The article considers methods for optimizing traffic flow management in large agglomerations by using clustering, routing and principles of queuing theory. The main study is devoted to the redistribution of resources by introducing a priority system in request processing. The influence of urgency, density and throughput of cargo flow on the system operation is analyzed and optimization algorithms are proposed to reduce waiting time, reduce costs and improve the efficiency of transport processes. The research methodology includes the use of a multi-channel queuing model to assess the impact of priority distribution of requests on the system throughput. Mathematical modeling, linear programming methods and NPV calculation for assessing economic efficiency are used to analyze the redistribution of resources. The results of the study show that the priority service system reduces the waiting time for urgent requests, but under high load it can increase the waiting time for less priority clients. The developed resource redistribution algorithm adapts the system to changes in flow intensity. The use of the proposed methods made it possible to reduce the average waiting time for priority requests by 1.5-2 times and reduce operating costs. The practical significance of the study lies in increasing the efficiency of transport processes due to the dynamic redistribution of resources. The implementation of the proposed methods can be used in logistics, courier services and transport companies to optimize the processing of requests, improve customer service and reduce costs.

Research the fatigue crack initiation and the fatigue crack growth in rail with thermomechanical damage. On basis of cyclic test and numerical simulation of rail deflected mode was determine a fatigue failure characteristics and fatigue crack growth characteristic in rail steel.

Data on corrosion fatigue damages of a sole of rails (defect 69) on the railroads of Russia are submitted. It is established that 69 the corrosion fatigue resulting from moistening of a sole in a zone of contact with subrail laying in combination with the high level of the stretching tension in a rail sole is the reason of breaks of rails on defect. The analysis of statistical data on refusals of rails on defect 69 in the West Siberian management of infrastructure showed that failure rate grows to an operating time of the tonnage of 800 million t gross and has fatigue character. On sites of a way with a complicated plan and a profile failure rate is 3 - 4 times higher, than on quiet Trans-Siberian to the course. Results of the analysis of data are shown and measures for increase of reliability of the rail lashes having tendency to formation of defects on a code 69 are offered.

The increased influenceof cable-stayed - suspension bridges for crossing of sea passages is shown. The retrospective show of their development is given. The prospect of the big beam - combined bridges is resulted. Various schemes of vantovo-suspension bridges with rectilinear cables are considered. Two new schemes of cable-stayed suspension bridges with curvilinear cables are offered.

In research consider a methodology the remaining life assessment of rail with fatigue crack in lower flange. Obtain the stress intensity factor equations for crack size and kind of stress: bending stress, thermal and residual stress. Make up an fatigue strength analysis of rail P65 and under different conditions of loading and remaining life calculation of damaged rail when given conditions of loading. Submit a assessment evaluation rail reinforcement in cyclic crack growth rate.

Modern requirements for the organization of the transportation process depend on technological and infrastructural aspects. Traditional approaches to regulating car flows, including using methods to minimize empty runs of rolling stock, lead to the loss of profitable options for JSC Russian Railways to interact with customers in terms of organizing exports and imports with subsequent sale of these goods (products) in Russia. The technology of transporting coal in «Open Top» containers with back loading with imported cargo has advantages arising from foreign and domestic experience in implementing such transportation. This article focuses on the economic aspects of the technology under consideration, including reflecting the specifics and prospects for the development of container transportation of coal. A comparative analysis of economic indicators for several options for transporting coal is performed. For customers of railway transport and JSC Russian Railways, the feasibility of organizing freight transportation in «Open Top» containers with the formation of closed routes with back loading with imported cargo to an intermediate station is substantiated. It is noted that the savings of the closed ring route of coal and anhydrous calcium chloride in containers reach from 30% to 65% compared to the use of universal gondola cars. Given the current conditions of congestion of the railway infrastructure, the use of «Open Top» containers for the transportation of various goods is a key advantage of ring routes. This is important to consider when developing export-import relations with friendly countries.

This article contains information on the main pollutants and weeds on the railway. In the article the questions of the intensity of the contamination of the broken stone ballast. Specified criterion for assigning secondary and preventative maintenance of way in accordance with the technical specifications. Given reasons for the increased intensity of the contamination of the ballast in the first year of life. The analysis contamination of the broken stone layer in areas the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Medium-Siberian Magistral. The Trans-Siberian railway is considered towards Chelyabinsk - Karbysheva - Novosibirsk, the Medium-Siberian Magistral in the direction of the Input - Irtysh - Medium-Siberian. The analysis was conducted based on the data of geological investigations design and survey institutions and to schedules of repairs for the West Siberian infrastructure Directorate. For ease of estimation of the parameters of weeds the resulting material was consolidated into a single table. Based on the table were revealed of the according contamination of crushed stone ballast thickness, ballast layer, from the conceded tonnage and length of operation in years. The article describes the structure of the pollutants by particle size, in terms of pass excess tonnage. Indicated levels of contamination of crushed stone ballast at different values of the missed tonnage (700 million tons 1200 million tons and 1400 million tons). Additionally, this work was determined the average level of contamination of the ballast particles less than 25 mm, 5 mm and 0,1 mm) and obtained a limit value of the allowable clogging the broken stone ballast more than 30 percent. The result revealed the need for reducing the contamination of the broken stone ballast by conducting a deep cleaning.

The work is devoted to experimental study of the roadbed, filled from loess-like sandy, namely, characteristics dynamic vibration impacts arising from the passage of rolling stock, to establish the nature of the damped oscillation, the analytical expressions that can be used to estimate the bearing capacity of the subgrade to the dynamic vibration load.